Impala Requirements

To perform as expected, Impala depends on the availability of the software, hardware, and configurations described in the following sections.

Parent topic: Planning for Impala Deployment

Supported Operating Systems

Apache Impala runs on Linux systems only. See the README.md file for more information.

Hive Metastore and Related Configuration

Impala can interoperate with data stored in Hive, and uses the same infrastructure as Hive for tracking metadata about schema objects such as tables and columns. The following components are prerequisites for Impala:

  • MySQL or PostgreSQL, to act as a metastore database for both Impala and Hive.

    Note:

    Installing and configuring a Hive metastore is an Impala requirement. Impala does not work without the metastore database. For the process of installing and configuring the metastore, see Installing Impala.

    Always configure a Hive metastore service rather than connecting directly to the metastore database. The Hive metastore service is required to interoperate between different levels of metastore APIs if this is necessary for your environment, and using it avoids known issues with connecting directly to the metastore database.

    A summary of the metastore installation process is as follows:

    • Install a MySQL or PostgreSQL database. Start the database if it is not started after installation.
    • Download the MySQL connector or the PostgreSQL connector and place it in the /usr/share/java/ directory.
    • Use the appropriate command line tool for your database to create the metastore database.
    • Use the appropriate command line tool for your database to grant privileges for the metastore database to the hive user.
    • Modify hive-site.xml to include information matching your particular database: its URL, username, and password. You will copy the hive-site.xml file to the Impala Configuration Directory later in the Impala installation process.

  • Optional: Hive. Although only the Hive metastore database is required for Impala to function, you might install Hive on some client machines to create and load data into tables that use certain file formats. See How Impala Works with Hadoop File Formats for details. Hive does not need to be installed on the same DataNodes as Impala; it just needs access to the same metastore database.

Java Dependencies

Although Impala is primarily written in C++, it does use Java to communicate with various Hadoop components:

  • The officially supported JVM for Impala is the Oracle JVM. Other JVMs might cause issues, typically resulting in a failure at impalad startup. In particular, the JamVM used by default on certain levels of Ubuntu systems can cause impalad to fail to start.
  • Internally, the impalad daemon relies on the JAVA_HOME environment variable to locate the system Java libraries. Make sure the impalad service is not run from an environment with an incorrect setting for this variable.
  • All Java dependencies are packaged in the impala-dependencies.jar file, which is located at /usr/lib/impala/lib/. These map to everything that is built under fe/target/dependency.

Networking Configuration Requirements

As part of ensuring best performance, Impala attempts to complete tasks on local data, as opposed to using network connections to work with remote data. To support this goal, Impala matches the hostname provided to each Impala daemon with the IP address of each DataNode by resolving the hostname flag to an IP address. For Impala to work with local data, use a single IP interface for the DataNode and the Impala daemon on each machine. Ensure that the Impala daemon’s hostname flag resolves to the IP address of the DataNode. For single-homed machines, this is usually automatic, but for multi-homed machines, ensure that the Impala daemon’s hostname resolves to the correct interface. Impala tries to detect the correct hostname at start-up, and prints the derived hostname at the start of the log in a message of the form:

  1. Using hostname: impala-daemon-1.example.com

In the majority of cases, this automatic detection works correctly. If you need to explicitly set the hostname, do so by setting the --hostname flag.

Hardware Requirements

During join operations, portions of data from each joined table are loaded into memory. Data sets can be very large, so ensure your hardware has sufficient memory to accommodate the joins you anticipate completing.

While requirements vary according to data set size, the following is generally recommended:

  • CPU - Impala version 2.2 and higher uses the SSSE3 instruction set, which is included in newer processors.

    Note: This required level of processor is the same as in Impala version 1.x. The Impala 2.0 and 2.1 releases had a stricter requirement for the SSE4.1 instruction set, which has now been relaxed.

  • Memory - 128 GB or more recommended, ideally 256 GB or more. If the intermediate results during query processing on a particular node exceed the amount of memory available to Impala on that node, the query writes temporary work data to disk, which can lead to long query times. Note that because the work is parallelized, and intermediate results for aggregate queries are typically smaller than the original data, Impala can query and join tables that are much larger than the memory available on an individual node.

  • Storage - DataNodes with 12 or more disks each. I/O speeds are often the limiting factor for disk performance with Impala. Ensure that you have sufficient disk space to store the data Impala will be querying.

User Account Requirements

Impala creates and uses a user and group named impala. Do not delete this account or group and do not modify the account’s or group’s permissions and rights. Ensure no existing systems obstruct the functioning of these accounts and groups. For example, if you have scripts that delete user accounts not in a white-list, add these accounts to the list of permitted accounts.

For correct file deletion during DROP TABLE operations, Impala must be able to move files to the HDFS trashcan. You might need to create an HDFS directory /user/impala, writeable by the impala user, so that the trashcan can be created. Otherwise, data files might remain behind after a DROP TABLE statement.

Impala should not run as root. Best Impala performance is achieved using direct reads, but root is not permitted to use direct reads. Therefore, running Impala as root negatively affects performance.

By default, any user can connect to Impala and access all the associated databases and tables. You can enable authorization and authentication based on the Linux OS user who connects to the Impala server, and the associated groups for that user. Impala Security for details. These security features do not change the underlying file permission requirements; the impala user still needs to be able to access the data files.