Edge API

2.2 Edge

顶点 id 格式的修改也影响到了边的 id 以及源顶点和目标顶点 id 的格式

EdgeId 是由 src-vertex-id + direction + label + sort-values + tgt-vertex-id 拼接而成，但是这里的顶点 id 类型不是通过引号区分的，而是根据前缀区分：

  • 当 id 类型为 number 时，EdgeId 的顶点 id 前有一个前缀 L ，形如 “L123456>1»L987654”
  • 当 id 类型为 string 时，EdgeId 的顶点 id 前有一个前缀 S ，形如 “S1:peter>1»S2:lop”

接下来的示例需要先根据以下 groovy 脚本创建图 schema

  1. import org.apache.hugegraph.HugeFactory
  2. import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.T
  4. conf = "conf/graphs/hugegraph.properties"
  5. graph = HugeFactory.open(conf)
  6. schema = graph.schema()
  8. schema.propertyKey("name").asText().ifNotExist().create()
  9. schema.propertyKey("age").asInt().ifNotExist().create()
  10. schema.propertyKey("city").asText().ifNotExist().create()
  11. schema.propertyKey("weight").asDouble().ifNotExist().create()
  12. schema.propertyKey("lang").asText().ifNotExist().create()
  13. schema.propertyKey("date").asText().ifNotExist().create()
  14. schema.propertyKey("price").asInt().ifNotExist().create()
  16. schema.vertexLabel("person").properties("name", "age", "city").primaryKeys("name").ifNotExist().create()
  17. schema.vertexLabel("software").properties("name", "lang", "price").primaryKeys("name").ifNotExist().create()
  18. schema.indexLabel("personByCity").onV("person").by("city").secondary().ifNotExist().create()
  19. schema.indexLabel("personByAgeAndCity").onV("person").by("age", "city").secondary().ifNotExist().create()
  20. schema.indexLabel("softwareByPrice").onV("software").by("price").range().ifNotExist().create()
  21. schema.edgeLabel("knows").sourceLabel("person").targetLabel("person").properties("date", "weight").ifNotExist().create()
  22. schema.edgeLabel("created").sourceLabel("person").targetLabel("software").properties("date", "weight").ifNotExist().create()
  23. schema.indexLabel("createdByDate").onE("created").by("date").secondary().ifNotExist().create()
  24. schema.indexLabel("createdByWeight").onE("created").by("weight").range().ifNotExist().create()
  25. schema.indexLabel("knowsByWeight").onE("knows").by("weight").range().ifNotExist().create()
  27. marko = graph.addVertex(T.label, "person", "name", "marko", "age", 29, "city", "Beijing")
  28. vadas = graph.addVertex(T.label, "person", "name", "vadas", "age", 27, "city", "Hongkong")
  29. lop = graph.addVertex(T.label, "software", "name", "lop", "lang", "java", "price", 328)
  30. josh = graph.addVertex(T.label, "person", "name", "josh", "age", 32, "city", "Beijing")
  31. ripple = graph.addVertex(T.label, "software", "name", "ripple", "lang", "java", "price", 199)
  32. peter = graph.addVertex(T.label, "person", "name", "peter", "age", 35, "city", "Shanghai")
  34. graph.tx().commit()
  35. g = graph.traversal()

2.2.1 创建一条边

Params

路径参数说明：

  • graph：待操作的图

请求体说明：

  • label：边类型名称，必填
  • outV：源顶点 id，必填
  • inV：目标顶点 id，必填
  • outVLabel：源顶点类型，必填
  • inVLabel：目标顶点类型，必填
  • properties: 边关联的属性，对象内部结构为：
    1. name：属性名称
    2. value：属性值
Method & Url
  1. POST http://localhost:8080/graphs/hugegraph/graph/edges
Request Body
  1. {
  2.     "label": "created",
  3.     "outV": "1:marko",
  4.     "inV": "2:lop",
  5.     "outVLabel": "person",
  6.     "inVLabel": "software",
  7.     "properties": {
  8.         "date": "20171210",
  9.         "weight": 0.4
  10.     }
  11. }
Response Status
  1. 201
Response Body
  1. {
  2.     "id": "S1:marko>2>>S2:lop",
  3.     "label": "created",
  4.     "type": "edge",
  5.     "outV": "1:marko",
  6.     "outVLabel": "person",
  7.     "inV": "2:lop",
  8.     "inVLabel": "software",
  9.     "properties": {
  10.         "weight": 0.4,
  11.         "date": "20171210"
  12.     }
  13. }

2.2.2 创建多条边

Params

路径参数说明：

  • graph：待操作的图

请求参数说明：

  • check_vertex：是否检查顶点存在 (true | false)，当设置为 true 而待插入边的源顶点或目标顶点不存在时会报错，默认为 true

请求体说明：

  • 边信息的列表
Method & Url
  1. POST http://localhost:8080/graphs/hugegraph/graph/edges/batch
Request Body
  1. [
  2.     {
  3.         "label": "knows",
  4.         "outV": "1:marko",
  5.         "inV": "1:vadas",
  6.         "outVLabel": "person",
  7.         "inVLabel": "person",
  8.         "properties": {
  9.             "date": "20160110",
  10.             "weight": 0.5
  11.         }
  12.     },
  13.     {
  14.         "label": "knows",
  15.         "outV": "1:marko",
  16.         "inV": "1:josh",
  17.         "outVLabel": "person",
  18.         "inVLabel": "person",
  19.         "properties": {
  20.             "date": "20130220",
  21.             "weight": 1.0
  22.         }
  23.     }
  24. ]
Response Status
  1. 201
Response Body
  1. [
  2.     "S1:marko>1>>S1:vadas",
  3.     "S1:marko>1>>S1:josh"
  4. ]

2.2.3 更新边属性

Params

路径参数说明：

  • graph：待操作的图
  • id：待操作的边 id

请求参数说明：

  • action：append 操作

请求体说明：

  • 边信息
Method & Url
  1. PUT http://localhost:8080/graphs/hugegraph/graph/edges/S1:marko>2>>S2:lop?action=append
Request Body
  1. {
  2.     "properties": {
  3.         "weight": 1.0
  4.     }
  5. }

注意：属性的取值是有三种类别的，分别是 single、set 和 list。如果是 single，表示增加或更新属性值；如果是 set 或 list，则表示追加属性值

Response Status
  1. 200
Response Body
  1. {
  2.     "id": "S1:marko>2>>S2:lop",
  3.     "label": "created",
  4.     "type": "edge",
  5.     "outV": "1:marko",
  6.     "outVLabel": "person",
  7.     "inV": "2:lop",
  8.     "inVLabel": "software",
  9.     "properties": {
  10.         "weight": 1.0,
  11.         "date": "20171210"
  12.     }
  13. }

2.2.4 批量更新边属性

Params

路径参数说明：

  • graph：待操作的图

请求体说明：

  • edges：边信息的列表
  • update_strategies：对于每个属性，可以单独设置其更新策略，包括：
    • SUM：仅支持 number 类型
    • BIGGER/SMALLER：仅支持 date/number 类型
    • UNION/INTERSECTION：仅支持 set 类型
    • APPEND/ELIMINATE：仅支持 collection 类型
    • OVERRIDE
  • check_vertex：是否检查顶点存在 (true | false)，当设置为 true 而待插入边的源顶点或目标顶点不存在时会报错，默认为 true
  • create_if_not_exist：目前只支持设定为 true
Method & Url
  1. PUT http://127.0.0.1:8080/graphs/hugegraph/graph/edges/batch
Request Body
  1. {
  2.     "edges": [
  3.         {
  4.             "label": "knows",
  5.             "outV": "1:marko",
  6.             "inV": "1:vadas",
  7.             "outVLabel": "person",
  8.             "inVLabel": "person",
  9.             "properties": {
  10.                 "date": "20160111",
  11.                 "weight": 1.0
  12.             }
  13.         },
  14.         {
  15.             "label": "knows",
  16.             "outV": "1:marko",
  17.             "inV": "1:josh",
  18.             "outVLabel": "person",
  19.             "inVLabel": "person",
  20.             "properties": {
  21.                 "date": "20130221",
  22.                 "weight": 0.5
  23.             }
  24.         }
  25.     ],
  26.     "update_strategies": {
  27.         "weight": "SUM",
  28.         "date": "OVERRIDE"
  29.     },
  30.     "check_vertex": false,
  31.     "create_if_not_exist": true
  32. }
Response Status
  1. 200
Response Body
  1. {
  2.     "edges": [
  3.         {
  4.             "id": "S1:marko>1>>S1:vadas",
  5.             "label": "knows",
  6.             "type": "edge",
  7.             "outV": "1:marko",
  8.             "outVLabel": "person",
  9.             "inV": "1:vadas",
  10.             "inVLabel": "person",
  11.             "properties": {
  12.                 "weight": 1.5,
  13.                 "date": "20160111"
  14.             }
  15.         },
  16.         {
  17.             "id": "S1:marko>1>>S1:josh",
  18.             "label": "knows",
  19.             "type": "edge",
  20.             "outV": "1:marko",
  21.             "outVLabel": "person",
  22.             "inV": "1:josh",
  23.             "inVLabel": "person",
  24.             "properties": {
  25.                 "weight": 1.5,
  26.                 "date": "20130221"
  27.             }
  28.         }
  29.     ]
  30. }

2.2.5 删除边属性

Params

路径参数说明：

  • graph：待操作的图
  • id：待操作的边 id

请求参数说明：

  • action：eliminate 操作

请求体说明：

  • 边信息
Method & Url
  1. PUT http://localhost:8080/graphs/hugegraph/graph/edges/S1:marko>2>>S2:lop?action=eliminate
Request Body
  1. {
  2.     "properties": {
  3.         "weight": 1.0
  4.     }
  5. }

注意：这里会直接删除属性（删除 key 和所有 value），无论其属性的取值是 single、set 或 list

Response Status
  1. 400
Response Body

无法删除未设置为 nullable 的属性

  1. {
  2.     "exception": "class java.lang.IllegalArgumentException",
  3.     "message": "Can't remove non-null edge property 'p[weight->1.0]'",
  4.     "cause": ""
  5. }

2.2.6 获取符合条件的边

Params

路径参数说明：

  • graph：待操作的图

请求参数说明：

  • vertex_id: 顶点 id
  • direction: 边的方向 (OUT | IN | BOTH)，默认为 BOTH
  • label: 边的标签
  • properties: 属性键值对 (根据属性查询的前提是预先建立了索引)
  • keep_start_p: 默认为 false，当设置为 true 后，不会自动转义范围匹配输入的表达式，例如此时 properties={"age":"P.gt(0.8)"} 会被理解为精确匹配，即 age 属性等于 “P.gt(0.8)”
  • offset：偏移，默认为 0
  • limit: 查询数目，默认为 100
  • page: 页号

属性键值对由 JSON 格式的属性名称和属性值组成，允许多个属性键值对作为查询条件，属性值支持精确匹配和范围匹配，精确匹配时形如 properties={"weight":0.8}，范围匹配时形如 properties={"age":"P.gt(0.8)"}，范围匹配支持的表达式如下：

表达式说明
P.eq(number)属性值等于 number 的边
P.neq(number)属性值不等于 number 的边
P.lt(number)属性值小于 number 的边
P.lte(number)属性值小于等于 number 的边
P.gt(number)属性值大于 number 的边
P.gte(number)属性值大于等于 number 的边
P.between(number1,number2)属性值大于等于 number1 且小于 number2 的边
P.inside(number1,number2)属性值大于 number1 且小于 number2 的边
P.outside(number1,number2)属性值小于 number1 且大于 number2 的边
P.within(value1,value2,value3,…)属性值等于任何一个给定 value 的边
P.textcontains(value)属性值包含给定 value 的边 (string 类型)
P.contains(value)属性值包含给定 value 的边 (collection 类型)

查询与顶点 person:marko(vertex_id=“1:marko”) 相连且 label 为 knows 的且 date 属性等于 “20160111” 的边

Method & Url
  1. GET http://127.0.0.1:8080/graphs/hugegraph/graph/edges?vertex_id="1:marko"&label=knows&properties={"date":"P.within(\"20160111\")"}
Response Status
  1. 200
Response Body
  1. {
  2.     "edges": [
  3.         {
  4.             "id": "S1:marko>1>>S1:vadas",
  5.             "label": "knows",
  6.             "type": "edge",
  7.             "outV": "1:marko",
  8.             "outVLabel": "person",
  9.             "inV": "1:vadas",
  10.             "inVLabel": "person",
  11.             "properties": {
  12.                 "weight": 1.5,
  13.                 "date": "20160111"
  14.             }
  15.         }
  16.     ]
  17. }

分页查询所有边，获取第一页（page 不带参数值），限定 2 条

Method & Url
  1. GET http://127.0.0.1:8080/graphs/hugegraph/graph/edges?page&limit=2
Response Status
  1. 200
Response Body
  1. {
  2.     "edges": [
  3.         {
  4.             "id": "S1:marko>1>>S1:josh",
  5.             "label": "knows",
  6.             "type": "edge",
  7.             "outV": "1:marko",
  8.             "outVLabel": "person",
  9.             "inV": "1:josh",
  10.             "inVLabel": "person",
  11.             "properties": {
  12.                 "weight": 1.5,
  13.                 "date": "20130221"
  14.             }
  15.         },
  16.         {
  17.             "id": "S1:marko>1>>S1:vadas",
  18.             "label": "knows",
  19.             "type": "edge",
  20.             "outV": "1:marko",
  21.             "outVLabel": "person",
  22.             "inV": "1:vadas",
  23.             "inVLabel": "person",
  24.             "properties": {
  25.                 "weight": 1.5,
  26.                 "date": "20160111"
  27.             }
  28.         }
  29.     ],
  30.     "page": "EoYxOm1hcmtvgggCAIQyOmxvcAAAAAAAAAAC"
  31. }

返回的 body 里面是带有下一页的页号信息的，"page": "EoYxOm1hcmtvgggCAIQyOmxvcAAAAAAAAAAC"，在查询下一页的时候将该值赋给 page 参数

分页查询所有边，获取下一页（page 带上上一页返回的 page 值），限定 2 条

Method & Url
  1. GET http://127.0.0.1:8080/graphs/hugegraph/graph/edges?page=EoYxOm1hcmtvgggCAIQyOmxvcAAAAAAAAAAC&limit=2
Response Status
  1. 200
Response Body
  1. {
  2.     "edges": [
  3.         {
  4.             "id": "S1:marko>2>>S2:lop",
  5.             "label": "created",
  6.             "type": "edge",
  7.             "outV": "1:marko",
  8.             "outVLabel": "person",
  9.             "inV": "2:lop",
  10.             "inVLabel": "software",
  11.             "properties": {
  12.                 "weight": 1.0,
  13.                 "date": "20171210"
  14.             }
  15.         }
  16.     ],
  17.     "page": null
  18. }

此时 "page": null 表示已经没有下一页了

注：后端为 Cassandra 时，为了性能考虑，返回页恰好为最后一页时，返回 page 值可能非空，通过该 page 再请求下一页数据时则返回 空数据 及 page = null，其他情况类似

2.2.7 根据 id 获取边

Params

路径参数说明：

  • graph：待操作的图
  • id：待操作的边 id
Method & Url
  1. GET http://localhost:8080/graphs/hugegraph/graph/edges/S1:marko>2>>S2:lop
Response Status
  1. 200
Response Body
  1. {
  2.     "id": "S1:marko>2>>S2:lop",
  3.     "label": "created",
  4.     "type": "edge",
  5.     "outV": "1:marko",
  6.     "outVLabel": "person",
  7.     "inV": "2:lop",
  8.     "inVLabel": "software",
  9.     "properties": {
  10.         "weight": 1.0,
  11.         "date": "20171210"
  12.     }
  13. }

2.2.8 根据 id 删除边

Params

路径参数说明：

  • graph：待操作的图
  • id：待操作的边 id

请求参数说明：

  • label: 边的标签

仅根据 id 删除边

Method & Url
  1. DELETE http://localhost:8080/graphs/hugegraph/graph/edges/S1:marko>2>>S2:lop
Response Status
  1. 204

根据 label + id 删除边

通过指定 label 参数和 id 来删除边时，一般来说其性能比仅根据 id 删除会更好

Method & Url
  1. DELETE http://localhost:8080/graphs/hugegraph/graph/edges/S1:marko>1>>S1:vadas?label=knows
Response Status
  1. 204

Last modified June 29, 2023: doc: update outdated doc for edge api (#276) (59f96c04)