实体关联

自动创建、更新

在创建、更新记录时，GORM 会通过 Upsert 自动保存关联及其引用记录。

user := User{
  Name:            "jinzhu",
  BillingAddress:  Address{Address1: "Billing Address - Address 1"},
  ShippingAddress: Address{Address1: "Shipping Address - Address 1"},
  Emails:          []Email{
    {Email: "jinzhu@example.com"},
    {Email: "jinzhu-2@example.com"},
  },
  Languages:       []Language{
    {Name: "ZH"},
    {Name: "EN"},
  },
}

db.Create(&user)
// BEGIN TRANSACTION;
// INSERT INTO "addresses" (address1) VALUES ("Billing Address - Address 1"), ("Shipping Address - Address 1") ON DUPLICATE KEY DO NOTHING;
// INSERT INTO "users" (name,billing_address_id,shipping_address_id) VALUES ("jinzhu", 1, 2);
// INSERT INTO "emails" (user_id,email) VALUES (111, "jinzhu@example.com"), (111, "jinzhu-2@example.com") ON DUPLICATE KEY DO NOTHING;
// INSERT INTO "languages" ("name") VALUES ('ZH'), ('EN') ON DUPLICATE KEY DO NOTHING;
// INSERT INTO "user_languages" ("user_id","language_id") VALUES (111, 1), (111, 2) ON DUPLICATE KEY DO NOTHING;
// COMMIT;

db.Save(&user)

如果您想要更新关联的数据，您应该使用 FullSaveAssociations 模式：

db.Session(&gorm.Session{FullSaveAssociations: true}).Updates(&user)
// ...
// INSERT INTO "addresses" (address1) VALUES ("Billing Address - Address 1"), ("Shipping Address - Address 1") ON DUPLICATE KEY SET address1=VALUES(address1);
// INSERT INTO "users" (name,billing_address_id,shipping_address_id) VALUES ("jinzhu", 1, 2);
// INSERT INTO "emails" (user_id,email) VALUES (111, "jinzhu@example.com"), (111, "jinzhu-2@example.com") ON DUPLICATE KEY SET email=VALUES(email);
// ...

跳过自动创建、更新

若要在创建、更新时跳过自动保存，您可以使用 Select 或 Omit，例如：

user := User{
  Name:            "jinzhu",
  BillingAddress:  Address{Address1: "Billing Address - Address 1"},
  ShippingAddress: Address{Address1: "Shipping Address - Address 1"},
  Emails:          []Email{
    {Email: "jinzhu@example.com"},
    {Email: "jinzhu-2@example.com"},
  },
  Languages:       []Language{
    {Name: "ZH"},
    {Name: "EN"},
  },
}

db.Select("Name").Create(&user)
// INSERT INTO "users" (name) VALUES ("jinzhu", 1, 2);

db.Omit("BillingAddress").Create(&user)
// Skip create BillingAddress when creating a user

db.Omit(clause.Associations).Create(&user)
// Skip all associations when creating a user

NOTE: 对于 many2many 关联，GORM 在创建连接表引用之前，会先 upsert 关联。如果你想跳过关联的 upsert，你可以这样做：

db.Omit("Languages.*").Create(&user)

下面的代码将跳过创建关联及其引用

db.Omit("Languages").Create(&user)

Select/Omit 关联字段

user := User{
  Name:            "jinzhu",
  BillingAddress:  Address{Address1: "Billing Address - Address 1", Address2: "addr2"},
  ShippingAddress: Address{Address1: "Shipping Address - Address 1", Address2: "addr2"},
}

// 创建 user 及其 BillingAddress、ShippingAddress
// 在创建 BillingAddress 时，仅使用其 address1、address2 字段，忽略其它字段
db.Select("BillingAddress.Address1", "BillingAddress.Address2").Create(&user)

db.Omit("BillingAddress.Address2", "BillingAddress.CreatedAt").Create(&user)

关联模式

关联模式包含一些在处理关系时有用的方法

// 开始关联模式
var user User
db.Model(&user).Association("Languages")
// `user` 是源模型，它的主键不能为空
// 关系的字段名是 `Languages`
// 如果匹配了上面两个要求，会开始关联模式，否则会返回错误
db.Model(&user).Association("Languages").Error

查找关联

查找所有匹配的关联记录

db.Model(&user).Association("Languages").Find(&languages)

查找带条件的关联

codes := []string{"zh-CN", "en-US", "ja-JP"}
db.Model(&user).Where("code IN ?", codes).Association("Languages").Find(&languages)

db.Model(&user).Where("code IN ?", codes).Order("code desc").Association("Languages").Find(&languages)

添加关联

为 many to many、has many 添加新的关联；为 has one, belongs to 替换当前的关联

db.Model(&user).Association("Languages").Append([]Language{languageZH, languageEN})

db.Model(&user).Association("Languages").Append(&Language{Name: "DE"})

db.Model(&user).Association("CreditCard").Append(&CreditCard{Number: "411111111111"})

替换关联

用一个新的关联替换当前的关联

db.Model(&user).Association("Languages").Replace([]Language{languageZH, languageEN})

db.Model(&user).Association("Languages").Replace(Language{Name: "DE"}, languageEN)

删除关联

如果存在，则删除源模型与参数之间的关系，只会删除引用，不会从数据库中删除这些对象。

db.Model(&user).Association("Languages").Delete([]Language{languageZH, languageEN})
db.Model(&user).Association("Languages").Delete(languageZH, languageEN)

清空关联

删除源模型与关联之间的所有引用，但不会删除这些关联

db.Model(&user).Association("Languages").Clear()

关联计数

返回当前关联的计数

db.Model(&user).Association("Languages").Count()

// 条件计数
codes := []string{"zh-CN", "en-US", "ja-JP"}
db.Model(&user).Where("code IN ?", codes).Association("Languages").Count()

批量处理数据

关联模式也支持批量处理，例如：

// 查询所有用户的所有角色
db.Model(&users).Association("Role").Find(&roles)

// 从所有 team 中删除 user A
db.Model(&users).Association("Team").Delete(&userA)

// 获取去重的用户所属 team 数量
db.Model(&users).Association("Team").Count()

// 对于批量数据的 `Append`、`Replace`，参数的长度必须与数据的长度相同，否则会返回 error
var users = []User{user1, user2, user3}
// 例如：现在有三个 user，Append userA 到 user1 的 team，Append userB 到 user2 的 team，Append userA、userB 和 userC 到 user3 的 team
db.Model(&users).Association("Team").Append(&userA, &userB, &[]User{userA, userB, userC})
// 重置 user1 team 为 userA，重置 user2 的 team 为 userB，重置 user3 的 team 为 userA、 userB 和 userC
db.Model(&users).Association("Team").Replace(&userA, &userB, &[]User{userA, userB, userC})

带 Select 的删除

你可以在删除记录时通过 Select 来删除具有 has one、has many、many2many 关系的记录，例如：

// 删除 user 时，也删除 user 的 account
db.Select("Account").Delete(&user)

// 删除 user 时，也删除 user 的 Orders、CreditCards 记录
db.Select("Orders", "CreditCards").Delete(&user)

// 删除 user 时，也删除用户所有 has one/many、many2many 记录
db.Select(clause.Associations).Delete(&user)

// 删除 users 时，也删除每一个 user 的 account
db.Select("Account").Delete(&users)

NOTE: Associations will only be deleted if the deleting records’s primary key is not zero, GORM will use those priamry keys as conditions to delete selected associations

// DOESN'T WORK
db.Select("Account").Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").Delete(&User{})
// will delete all user with name `jinzhu`, but those user's account won't be deleted

db.Select("Account").Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").Delete(&User{ID: 1})
// will delete the user with name = `jinzhu` and id = `1`, and user `1`'s account will be deleted

db.Select("Account").Delete(&User{ID: 1})
// will delete the user with id = `1`, and user `1`'s account will be deleted

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最后更新于 2021-06-14