Has Many

has many 与另一个模型建立了一对多的连接。 不同于 has one,拥有者可以有零或多个关联模型。

例如,您的应用包含 user 和 credit card 模型,且每个 user 可以有多张 credit card。

  1. // User 有多张 CreditCard,UserID 是外键
    type User struct {
    gorm.Model
    CreditCards []CreditCard
    }

    type CreditCard struct {
    gorm.Model
    Number string
    UserID uint
    }

重写外键

要定义 has many 关系,同样必须存在外键。 默认的外键名是拥有者的类型名加上其主键字段名

例如,要定义一个属于 User 的模型,则其外键应该是 UserID

此外,想要使用另一个字段作为外键,您可以使用 foreignKey 标签自定义它:

  1. type User struct {
    gorm.Model
    CreditCards []CreditCard `gorm:"foreignKey:UserRefer"`
    }

    type CreditCard struct {
    gorm.Model
    Number string
    UserRefer uint
    }

重写引用

GORM 通常使用拥有者的主键作为外键的值。 对于上面的例子,它是 UserID 字段。

为 user 添加 credit card 时,GORM 会将 user 的 ID 字段保存到 credit card 的 UserID 字段。

同样的,您也可以使用标签 references 来更改它,例如:

  1. type User struct {
    gorm.Model
    MemberNumber string
    CreditCards []CreditCard `gorm:"foreignKey:UserNumber;references:MemberNumber"`
    }

    type CreditCard struct {
    gorm.Model
    Number string
    UserNumber string
    }

多态关联

GORM 为 has onehas many 提供了多态关联支持,它会将拥有者实体的表名、主键都保存到多态类型的字段中。

  1. type Dog struct {
    ID int
    Name string
    Toys []Toy `gorm:"polymorphic:Owner;"`
    }

    type Toy struct {
    ID int
    Name string
    OwnerID int
    OwnerType string
    }

    db.Create(&Dog{Name: "dog1", Toy: []Toy{{Name: "toy1"}, {Name: "toy2"}}})
    // INSERT INTO `dogs` (`name`) VALUES ("dog1")
    // INSERT INTO `toys` (`name`,`owner_id`,`owner_type`) VALUES ("toy1","1","dogs"), ("toy2","1","dogs")

您可以使用标签 polymorphicValue 来更改多态类型的值,例如:

  1. type Dog struct {
    ID int
    Name string
    Toys []Toy `gorm:"polymorphic:Owner;polymorphicValue:master"`
    }

    type Toy struct {
    ID int
    Name string
    OwnerID int
    OwnerType string
    }

    db.Create(&Dog{Name: "dog1", Toys: []Toy{{Name: "toy1"}, {Name: "toy2"}}})
    // INSERT INTO `dogs` (`name`) VALUES ("dog1")
    // INSERT INTO `toys` (`name`,`owner_id`,`owner_type`) VALUES ("toy1","1","master"), ("toy2","1","master")

Has Many 的 CURD

查看 关联模式 获取 has many 相关的用法

预加载

GORM 可以通过 Preload 预加载 has many 关联的记录,查看 预加载 获取详情

自引用 Has Many

  1. type User struct {
    gorm.Model
    Name string
    ManagerID *uint
    Team []User `gorm:"foreignkey:ManagerID"`
    }

外键约束

你可以通过为标签 constraint 配置 OnUpdateOnDelete 实现外键约束,在使用 GORM 进行迁移时它会被创建,例如:

  1. type User struct {
    gorm.Model
    CreditCards []CreditCard `gorm:"constraint:OnUpdate:CASCADE,OnDelete:SET NULL;"`
    }

    type CreditCard struct {
    gorm.Model
    Number string
    UserID uint
    }

你也可以在删除记录时通过 Select 来删除 has many 关联的记录,查看 Delete with Select 获取详情