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Introduction
Pathfinding in a 3D environment is crucial for many games, it’s commonly how non directly controlled characters or entities find their way around an environment. Godot provides several nodes for this purpose:
The map and navigation regions
The “map” is the entire world for navigation, it’s similar to “space” for the physics engine. It’s comprised of navigation regions, these regions define parts of the world that can be navigated around by navigation agents.
To create a navigation region add the NavigationMeshInstance node to a 3D scene. Next in the inspector for that mesh create or add a NavigationMesh. The navmesh contains options for how it will be generated when it’s baked. The geometry options control which nodes, and types of nodes, are used to bake the mesh. A full description of each setting and how it works can be found in the NavigationMesh class reference.
Once the settings have been properly configured press the “Bake NavMesh” button at the top of the inspector to generate it.
Note
It can also be generated at runtime using the bake_navigation_region() method of the navigation region node.
Once the mesh has finished generating you should see the transparent navigation mesh above the areas in the scene that can be navigated to.
Keep in mind that the navmesh shows where the center of an entity can go. For example, if you set the agent radius to 0.5 then the navigation mesh will have a distance of 0.5 from any ledges or walls to prevent clipping into the wall or hanging off of the edge.
Navigation agents can moved from one region to another if they are next to each other. Additionally a baked navmesh can be moved at runtime and agents will still be able to navigate onto it from another region. For example, navigating onto a moving platform that has stopped will work.
NavigationAgent3D
Navigation agent nodes are what actually does the pathfinding in a scene, one can be attached to the root node of an entity that needs to navigate.
To have it pathfind use its set_target_location method. Once the target has been set a path will be generated to the node using navigation regions, with several points on the way to the final destination.
RVO processing
RVO stands for reciprocal velocity obstacle. RVO processing is a way to pathfind while taking into account other agents and physics bodies that are also moving.
To use it set a target like normal. Then an agent needs to fetch its next nav path location, and compute its velocity to that location. Instead of using that value to move use it to set the velocity on the agent with set_velocity. Then a new velocity that takes into account other agents and obstacles is generated and emitted with the signal velocity_computed.
However agents can only take into account a set number of other nearby agents, this is the max neighbors property of an agent and can be adjusted. This is not a limit for how many agents can use a navigation region at the same time.
NavigationObstacle3D
This node is used to mark physics bodies that move around a navigation area that agents need to avoid (this will only work if you use RVO processing). For example, this node would be useful for pieces of debris in a destructible environment. Add it as the child of a physics body and navigation agent nodes will avoid it while pathfinding.
Generating a path (old method)
This is the old method for generating a navigation path, it will be removed in Godot 4. First, add a navigation node to the scene, then add a navigation mesh instance as it’s child and set up a navigation mesh.
To get a path between two areas on a map you use the navigation node method get_simple_path(). The first argument is a Vector3 of the starting location, the next is a Vector3 of the end location. And the last argument is a boolean for whether or not agent properties of a navmesh are considered when generating a path.
The method will return a PoolVector3Array consisting of points that make a path. If there is no way to navigate to the end location the method will return a blank PoolVector3Array.
