Apache Hive

Apache Hive has established itself as a focal point of the data warehousing ecosystem. It serves as not only a SQL engine for big data analytics and ETL, but also a data management platform, where data is discovered, defined, and evolved.

Flink offers a two-fold integration with Hive.

The first is to leverage Hive’s Metastore as a persistent catalog with Flink’s HiveCatalog for storing Flink specific metadata across sessions. For example, users can store their Kafka or ElasticSearch tables in Hive Metastore by using HiveCatalog, and reuse them later on in SQL queries.

The second is to offer Flink as an alternative engine for reading and writing Hive tables.

The HiveCatalog is designed to be “out of the box” compatible with existing Hive installations. You do not need to modify your existing Hive Metastore or change the data placement or partitioning of your tables.

Supported Hive Versions

Flink supports the following Hive versions.

  • 1.0
    • 1.0.0
    • 1.0.1
  • 1.1
    • 1.1.0
    • 1.1.1
  • 1.2
    • 1.2.0
    • 1.2.1
    • 1.2.2
  • 2.0
    • 2.0.0
    • 2.0.1
  • 2.1
    • 2.1.0
    • 2.1.1
  • 2.2
    • 2.2.0
  • 2.3
    • 2.3.0
    • 2.3.1
    • 2.3.2
    • 2.3.3
    • 2.3.4
    • 2.3.5
    • 2.3.6
  • 3.1
    • 3.1.0
    • 3.1.1
    • 3.1.2

Please note Hive itself have different features available for different versions, and these issues are not caused by Flink:

  • Hive built-in functions are supported in 1.2.0 and later.
  • Column constraints, i.e. PRIMARY KEY and NOT NULL, are supported in 3.1.0 and later.
  • Altering table statistics is supported in 1.2.0 and later.
  • DATE column statistics are supported in 1.2.0 and later.
  • Writing to ORC tables is not supported in 2.0.x.

Dependencies

To integrate with Hive, you need to add some extra dependencies to the /lib/ directory in Flink distribution to make the integration work in Table API program or SQL in SQL Client. Alternatively, you can put these dependencies in a dedicated folder, and add them to classpath with the -C or -l option for Table API program or SQL Client respectively.

Apache Hive is built on Hadoop, so you need to provide Hadoop dependencies, by setting the HADOOP_CLASSPATH environment variable:

  1. export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=`hadoop classpath`

There are two ways to add Hive dependencies. First is to use Flink’s bundled Hive jars. You can choose a bundled Hive jar according to the version of the metastore you use. Second is to add each of the required jars separately. The second way can be useful if the Hive version you’re using is not listed here.

NOTE: the recommended way to add dependency is to use a bundled jar. Separate jars should be used only if bundled jars don’t meet your needs.

Using bundled hive jar

The following tables list all available bundled hive jars. You can pick one to the /lib/ directory in Flink distribution.

Metastore versionMaven dependencySQL Client JAR
1.0.0 - 1.2.2flink-sql-connector-hive-1.2.2Download
2.0.0 - 2.2.0flink-sql-connector-hive-2.2.0Download
2.3.0 - 2.3.6flink-sql-connector-hive-2.3.6Download
3.0.0 - 3.1.2flink-sql-connector-hive-3.1.2Download

User defined dependencies

Please find the required dependencies for different Hive major versions below.

Hive 2.3.4

  2. /flink-1.14.4
  3.    /lib
  5.        // Flink's Hive connector.Contains flink-hadoop-compatibility and flink-orc jars
  6.        flink-connector-hive_2.11-1.14.4.jar
  8.        // Hive dependencies
  9.        hive-exec-2.3.4.jar
  11.        // add antlr-runtime if you need to use hive dialect
  12.        antlr-runtime-3.5.2.jar

Hive 1.0.0

  1. /flink-1.14.4
  2.    /lib
  4.        // Flink's Hive connector
  5.        flink-connector-hive_2.11-1.14.4.jar
  7.        // Hive dependencies
  8.        hive-metastore-1.0.0.jar
  9.        hive-exec-1.0.0.jar
  10.        libfb303-0.9.0.jar // libfb303 is not packed into hive-exec in some versions, need to add it separately
  12.        // Orc dependencies -- required by the ORC vectorized optimizations
  13.        orc-core-1.4.3-nohive.jar
  14.        aircompressor-0.8.jar // transitive dependency of orc-core
  16.        // add antlr-runtime if you need to use hive dialect
  17.        antlr-runtime-3.5.2.jar

Hive 1.1.0

  1. /flink-1.14.4
  2.    /lib
  4.        // Flink's Hive connector
  5.        flink-connector-hive_2.11-1.14.4.jar
  7.        // Hive dependencies
  8.        hive-metastore-1.1.0.jar
  9.        hive-exec-1.1.0.jar
  10.        libfb303-0.9.2.jar // libfb303 is not packed into hive-exec in some versions, need to add it separately
  12.        // Orc dependencies -- required by the ORC vectorized optimizations
  13.        orc-core-1.4.3-nohive.jar
  14.        aircompressor-0.8.jar // transitive dependency of orc-core
  16.        // add antlr-runtime if you need to use hive dialect
  17.        antlr-runtime-3.5.2.jar

Hive 1.2.1

  1. /flink-1.14.4
  2.    /lib
  4.        // Flink's Hive connector
  5.        flink-connector-hive_2.11-1.14.4.jar
  7.        // Hive dependencies
  8.        hive-metastore-1.2.1.jar
  9.        hive-exec-1.2.1.jar
  10.        libfb303-0.9.2.jar // libfb303 is not packed into hive-exec in some versions, need to add it separately
  12.        // Orc dependencies -- required by the ORC vectorized optimizations
  13.        orc-core-1.4.3-nohive.jar
  14.        aircompressor-0.8.jar // transitive dependency of orc-core
  16.        // add antlr-runtime if you need to use hive dialect
  17.        antlr-runtime-3.5.2.jar

Hive 2.0.0

  1. /flink-1.14.4
  2.    /lib
  4.        // Flink's Hive connector
  5.        flink-connector-hive_2.11-1.14.4.jar
  7.        // Hive dependencies
  8.        hive-exec-2.0.0.jar
  10.        // add antlr-runtime if you need to use hive dialect
  11.        antlr-runtime-3.5.2.jar

Hive 2.1.0

  1. /flink-1.14.4
  2.    /lib
  4.        // Flink's Hive connector
  5.        flink-connector-hive_2.11-1.14.4.jar
  7.        // Hive dependencies
  8.        hive-exec-2.1.0.jar
  10.        // add antlr-runtime if you need to use hive dialect
  11.        antlr-runtime-3.5.2.jar

Hive 2.2.0

  1. /flink-1.14.4
  2.    /lib
  4.        // Flink's Hive connector
  5.        flink-connector-hive_2.11-1.14.4.jar
  7.        // Hive dependencies
  8.        hive-exec-2.2.0.jar
  10.        // Orc dependencies -- required by the ORC vectorized optimizations
  11.        orc-core-1.4.3.jar
  12.        aircompressor-0.8.jar // transitive dependency of orc-core
  14.        // add antlr-runtime if you need to use hive dialect
  15.        antlr-runtime-3.5.2.jar

Hive 3.1.0

  1. /flink-1.14.4
  2.    /lib
  4.        // Flink's Hive connector
  5.        flink-connector-hive_2.11-1.14.4.jar
  7.        // Hive dependencies
  8.        hive-exec-3.1.0.jar
  9.        libfb303-0.9.3.jar // libfb303 is not packed into hive-exec in some versions, need to add it separately
  11.        // add antlr-runtime if you need to use hive dialect
  12.        antlr-runtime-3.5.2.jar

Program maven

If you are building your own program, you need the following dependencies in your mvn file. It’s recommended not to include these dependencies in the resulting jar file. You’re supposed to add dependencies as stated above at runtime.

  1. <!-- Flink Dependency -->
  2. <dependency>
  3.   <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
  4.   <artifactId>flink-connector-hive_2.11</artifactId>
  5.   <version>1.14.4</version>
  6.   <scope>provided</scope>
  7. </dependency>
  9. <dependency>
  10.   <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
  11.   <artifactId>flink-table-api-java-bridge_2.11</artifactId>
  12.   <version>1.14.4</version>
  13.   <scope>provided</scope>
  14. </dependency>
  16. <!-- Hive Dependency -->
  17. <dependency>
  18.     <groupId>org.apache.hive</groupId>
  19.     <artifactId>hive-exec</artifactId>
  20.     <version>${hive.version}</version>
  21.     <scope>provided</scope>
  22. </dependency>

Connecting To Hive

Connect to an existing Hive installation using the catalog interface and HiveCatalog through the table environment or YAML configuration.

Following is an example of how to connect to Hive:

Java

  2. EnvironmentSettings settings = EnvironmentSettings.inStreamingMode();
  3. TableEnvironment tableEnv = TableEnvironment.create(settings);
  5. String name            = "myhive";
  6. String defaultDatabase = "mydatabase";
  7. String hiveConfDir     = "/opt/hive-conf";
  9. HiveCatalog hive = new HiveCatalog(name, defaultDatabase, hiveConfDir);
  10. tableEnv.registerCatalog("myhive", hive);
  12. // set the HiveCatalog as the current catalog of the session
  13. tableEnv.useCatalog("myhive");

Scala

  2. val settings = EnvironmentSettings.inStreamingMode()
  3. val tableEnv = TableEnvironment.create(settings)
  5. val name            = "myhive"
  6. val defaultDatabase = "mydatabase"
  7. val hiveConfDir     = "/opt/hive-conf"
  9. val hive = new HiveCatalog(name, defaultDatabase, hiveConfDir)
  10. tableEnv.registerCatalog("myhive", hive)
  12. // set the HiveCatalog as the current catalog of the session
  13. tableEnv.useCatalog("myhive")

Python

  1. from pyflink.table import *
  2. from pyflink.table.catalog import HiveCatalog
  4. settings = EnvironmentSettings.in_batch_mode()
  5. t_env = TableEnvironment.create(settings)
  7. catalog_name = "myhive"
  8. default_database = "mydatabase"
  9. hive_conf_dir = "/opt/hive-conf"
  11. hive_catalog = HiveCatalog(catalog_name, default_database, hive_conf_dir)
  12. t_env.register_catalog("myhive", hive_catalog)
  14. # set the HiveCatalog as the current catalog of the session
  15. tableEnv.use_catalog("myhive")

YAML

  2. execution:
  3.     ...
  4.     current-catalog: myhive  # set the HiveCatalog as the current catalog of the session
  5.     current-database: mydatabase
  7. catalogs:
  8.    - name: myhive
  9.      type: hive
  10.      hive-conf-dir: /opt/hive-conf

SQL

  2. CREATE CATALOG myhive WITH (
  3.     'type' = 'hive',
  4.     'default-database' = 'mydatabase',
  5.     'hive-conf-dir' = '/opt/hive-conf'
  6. );
  7. -- set the HiveCatalog as the current catalog of the session
  8. USE CATALOG myhive;

Below are the options supported when creating a HiveCatalog instance with YAML file or DDL.

OptionRequiredDefaultTypeDescription
type
Yes(none)StringType of the catalog. Must be set to ‘hive’ when creating a HiveCatalog.
name
Yes(none)StringThe unique name of the catalog. Only applicable to YAML file.
hive-conf-dir
No(none)StringURI to your Hive conf dir containing hive-site.xml. The URI needs to be supported by Hadoop FileSystem. If the URI is relative, i.e. without a scheme, local file system is assumed. If the option is not specified, hive-site.xml is searched in class path.
default-database
NodefaultStringThe default database to use when the catalog is set as the current catalog.
hive-version
No(none)StringHiveCatalog is capable of automatically detecting the Hive version in use. It’s recommended NOT to specify the Hive version, unless the automatic detection fails.
hadoop-conf-dir
No(none)StringPath to Hadoop conf dir. Only local file system paths are supported. The recommended way to set Hadoop conf is via the HADOOP_CONF_DIR environment variable. Use the option only if environment variable doesn’t work for you, e.g. if you want to configure each HiveCatalog separately.

DDL

It’s recommended to use Hive dialect to execute DDLs to create Hive tables, views, partitions, functions within Flink.

DML

Flink supports DML writing to Hive tables. Please refer to details in Reading & Writing Hive Tables