安装traefik ingress
Ingress简介
简单的说,ingress就是从kubernetes集群外访问集群的入口,将用户的URL请求转发到不同的service上。Ingress相当于nginx、apache等负载均衡方向代理服务器,其中还包括规则定义,即URL的路由信息,路由信息得的刷新由Ingress controller来提供。
Ingress Controller 实质上可以理解为是个监视器,Ingress Controller 通过不断地跟 kubernetes API 打交道,实时的感知后端 service、pod 等变化,比如新增和减少 pod,service 增加与减少等;当得到这些变化信息后,Ingress Controller 再结合下文的 Ingress 生成配置,然后更新反向代理负载均衡器,并刷新其配置,达到服务发现的作用。
部署Traefik
介绍traefik
Traefik是一款开源的反向代理与负载均衡工具。它最大的优点是能够与常见的微服务系统直接整合,可以实现自动化动态配置。目前支持Docker, Swarm, Mesos/Marathon, Mesos, Kubernetes, Consul, Etcd, Zookeeper, BoltDB, Rest API等等后端模型。
以下配置文件可以在Traefik GitHub仓库中的examples/k8s/traefik-rbac.yaml找到。
创建ingress-rbac.yaml
将用于service account验证。
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- services
- endpoints
- secrets
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- extensions
resources:
- ingresses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: traefik-ingress-controller
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: traefik-ingress-controller
namespace: kube-system
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/master/examples/k8s/traefik-rbac.yaml
创建Depeloyment
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
name: traefik-ingress-lb
spec:
serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
containers:
- image: traefik
name: traefik-ingress-lb
args:
- --web
- --kubernetes
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-service
spec:
selector:
k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
name: web
- protocol: TCP
port: 8080
name: admin
type: NodePort
# 使用deployment部署
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/master/examples/k8s/traefik-deployment.yaml
# 也可以使用daemonset来部署
# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/master/examples/k8s/traefik-ds.yaml
注意我们这里用的是Deploy类型,没有限定该pod运行在哪个主机上。Traefik的端口是8580。
创建名为traefik-ingress
的ingress,文件名traefik.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress
spec:
rules:
- host: traefik.nginx.io
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: nginx
servicePort: 80
- host: traefik.frontend.io
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: frontend
servicePort: 80
这其中的backend
中要配置default namespace中启动的service名字。path
就是URL地址后的路径,如traefik.frontend.io/path,service将会接受path这个路径,host最好使用service-name.filed1.filed2.domain-name这种类似主机名称的命名方式,方便区分服务。
根据你自己环境中部署的service的名字和端口自行修改,有新service增加时,修改该文件后可以使用kubectl replace -f traefik.yaml
来更新。
Traefik UI
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: traefik-web-ui
namespace: kube-system
spec:
selector:
k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: traefik-web-ui
namespace: kube-system
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik
spec:
rules:
- host: traefik-ui.nginx.io
http:
paths:
- backend:
serviceName: traefik-web-ui
servicePort: 80
配置完成后就可以启动treafik ingress了。
kubectl create -f .
我查看到traefik的pod在172.20.0.115
这台节点上启动了。
访问该地址http://172.20.0.115:8580/
将可以看到dashboard。
左侧黄色部分部分列出的是所有的rule,右侧绿色部分是所有的backend。
测试
在集群的任意一个节点上执行。假如现在我要访问nginx的”/“路径。
$ curl -H Host:traefik.nginx.io http://172.20.0.115/
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
如果你需要在kubernetes集群以外访问就需要设置DNS,或者修改本机的hosts文件。
在其中加入:
172.20.0.115 traefik.nginx.io
172.20.0.115 traefik.frontend.io
所有访问这些地址的流量都会发送给172.20.0.115这台主机,就是我们启动traefik的主机。
Traefik会解析http请求header里的Host参数将流量转发给Ingress配置里的相应service。
修改hosts后就就可以在kubernetes集群外访问以上两个service,如下图: