前端代理
为了帮助大家了解如何使用 Envoy 作为前端代理,我们发布了一个 docker compose 沙箱,该沙箱中部署了一个前端 envoy 以及与服务 envoy 搭配的一组服务(简单的沙箱应用)。这三个容器将被部署在名为 envoymesh
的虚拟网络中。
下面是使用 docker compose 部署的架构图:
所有传入的请求都通过前端 envoy 进行路由,该 envoy 充当位于 envoymesh
网络边缘的反向代理。通过docker compose 将端口 80 映射到 8000 端口(请参阅 /examples/front-proxy/docker-compose.yaml)。此外,请注意,由前端 envoy 由到服务容器的所有流量实际上路由到服务 envoy(在 /examples/front-proxy/front-envoy.yaml 中设置的路由)。反过来,服务 envoy 通过回环地址(/examples/front-proxy/service-envoy.yaml 中的路由设置)将请求路由到 flask 应用程序。此设置说明了运行服务 envoy 与您的服务搭配的优势:所有请求都由服务 envoy 处理,并有效地路由到您的服务。
运行 Sandbox
以下文档通过按照上图中所述组织的 envoy 集群的设置运行。
步骤 1:安装 Docker
确保您已经安装了最新版本的 docker
、docker-compose
和 docker-machine
。
安装这些软件最简单的方式是使用 Docker Toolbox。
步骤 2:配置 Docker Machine
首先创建一个容纳容器的新机器:
$ docker-machine create --driver virtualbox default
$ eval $(docker-machine env default)
步骤 3:克隆 Envoy repo,启动所有的容器
如果您还没有克隆 envoy repo,执行 git clone git@github.com:envoyproxy/envoy
或者 git clone https://github.com/envoyproxy/envoy.git
来克隆。
$ pwd
envoy/examples/front-proxy
$ docker-compose up --build -d
$ docker-compose ps
Name Command State Ports
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
example_service1_1 /bin/sh -c /usr/local/bin/ ... Up 80/tcp
example_service2_1 /bin/sh -c /usr/local/bin/ ... Up 80/tcp
example_front-envoy_1 /bin/sh -c /usr/local/bin/ ... Up 0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8001->8001/tcp
步骤 4:测试 Envoy 的路由能力
您现在可以通过前端 envoy 向两项服务发送请求。
向 service1:
$ curl -v $(docker-machine ip default):8000/service/1
* Trying 192.168.99.100...
* Connected to 192.168.99.100 (192.168.99.100) port 8000 (#0)
> GET /service/1 HTTP/1.1
> Host: 192.168.99.100:8000
> User-Agent: curl/7.43.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8
< content-length: 89
< x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 1
< server: envoy
< date: Fri, 26 Aug 2016 19:39:19 GMT
< x-envoy-protocol-version: HTTP/1.1
<
Hello from behind Envoy (service 1)! hostname: f26027f1ce28 resolvedhostname: 172.19.0.6
* Connection #0 to host 192.168.99.100 left intact
向 service2:
$ curl -v $(docker-machine ip default):8000/service/2
* Trying 192.168.99.100...
* Connected to 192.168.99.100 (192.168.99.100) port 8000 (#0)
> GET /service/2 HTTP/1.1
> Host: 192.168.99.100:8000
> User-Agent: curl/7.43.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8
< content-length: 89
< x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 2
< server: envoy
< date: Fri, 26 Aug 2016 19:39:23 GMT
< x-envoy-protocol-version: HTTP/1.1
<
Hello from behind Envoy (service 2)! hostname: 92f4a3737bbc resolvedhostname: 172.19.0.2
* Connection #0 to host 192.168.99.100 left intact
请注意,每个请求在发送给前端 envoy 时已正确路由到相应的应用程序。
步骤 5:测试 Envoy 的负载均衡能力
现在扩展我们的 service1 节点来演示 envoy 的集群能力:
$ docker-compose scale service1=3
Creating and starting example_service1_2 ... done
Creating and starting example_service1_3 ... done
现在,如果我们多次向 service1 发送请求,前端 envoy 将通过循环轮询三台 service1 机器来负载均衡请求:
$ curl -v $(docker-machine ip default):8000/service/1
* Trying 192.168.99.100...
* Connected to 192.168.99.100 (192.168.99.100) port 8000 (#0)
> GET /service/1 HTTP/1.1
> Host: 192.168.99.100:8000
> User-Agent: curl/7.43.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8
< content-length: 89
< x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 1
< server: envoy
< date: Fri, 26 Aug 2016 19:40:21 GMT
< x-envoy-protocol-version: HTTP/1.1
<
Hello from behind Envoy (service 1)! hostname: 85ac151715c6 resolvedhostname: 172.19.0.3
* Connection #0 to host 192.168.99.100 left intact
$ curl -v $(docker-machine ip default):8000/service/1
* Trying 192.168.99.100...
* Connected to 192.168.99.100 (192.168.99.100) port 8000 (#0)
> GET /service/1 HTTP/1.1
> Host: 192.168.99.100:8000
> User-Agent: curl/7.43.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8
< content-length: 89
< x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 1
< server: envoy
< date: Fri, 26 Aug 2016 19:40:22 GMT
< x-envoy-protocol-version: HTTP/1.1
<
Hello from behind Envoy (service 1)! hostname: 20da22cfc955 resolvedhostname: 172.19.0.5
* Connection #0 to host 192.168.99.100 left intact
$ curl -v $(docker-machine ip default):8000/service/1
* Trying 192.168.99.100...
* Connected to 192.168.99.100 (192.168.99.100) port 8000 (#0)
> GET /service/1 HTTP/1.1
> Host: 192.168.99.100:8000
> User-Agent: curl/7.43.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8
< content-length: 89
< x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 1
< server: envoy
< date: Fri, 26 Aug 2016 19:40:24 GMT
< x-envoy-protocol-version: HTTP/1.1
<
Hello from behind Envoy (service 1)! hostname: f26027f1ce28 resolvedhostname: 172.19.0.6
* Connection #0 to host 192.168.99.100 left intact
步骤 6:进入容器并 curl 服务
除了使用主机上的 curl
外,您还可以进入容器并从容器里面 curl
。要进入容器,可以使用 docker-compose exec <容器名> /bin/bash
。例如,我们可以进入前端 envoy 容器,并在本地 curl
服务:
$ docker-compose exec front-envoy /bin/bash
root@81288499f9d7:/# curl localhost:80/service/1
Hello from behind Envoy (service 1)! hostname: 85ac151715c6 resolvedhostname: 172.19.0.3
root@81288499f9d7:/# curl localhost:80/service/1
Hello from behind Envoy (service 1)! hostname: 20da22cfc955 resolvedhostname: 172.19.0.5
root@81288499f9d7:/# curl localhost:80/service/1
Hello from behind Envoy (service 1)! hostname: f26027f1ce28 resolvedhostname: 172.19.0.6
root@81288499f9d7:/# curl localhost:80/service/2
Hello from behind Envoy (service 2)! hostname: 92f4a3737bbc resolvedhostname: 172.19.0.2
步骤7:进入容器并 curl admin
当 envoy 运行时,它也会将 admin
连接到所需的端口。在示例配置 admin 绑定到 8001 端口。我们可以 curl
它获得有用的信息。例如,您可以 curl /server_info
来获取正在运行的 envoy 版本的信息。此外,你可以 curl /stats
来获得统计数据。例如在 frontenvoy
里面我们可以得到:
$ docker-compose exec front-envoy /bin/bash
root@e654c2c83277:/# curl localhost:8001/server_info
envoy 10e00b/RELEASE live 142 142 0
root@e654c2c83277:/# curl localhost:8001/stats
cluster.service1.external.upstream_rq_200: 7
...
cluster.service1.membership_change: 2
cluster.service1.membership_total: 3
...
cluster.service1.upstream_cx_http2_total: 3
...
cluster.service1.upstream_rq_total: 7
...
cluster.service2.external.upstream_rq_200: 2
...
cluster.service2.membership_change: 1
cluster.service2.membership_total: 1
...
cluster.service2.upstream_cx_http2_total: 1
...
cluster.service2.upstream_rq_total: 2
...
请注意,我们可以获取上游集群的成员数量,它们实现的请求数量,有关 http 入口的信息以及大量其他有用的统计信息。