内置 SQL 函数

数学函数

abs(-12) = 12
cos(1.5) = 0.0707372016677029
cosh(1.5) = 2.352409615243247
acos(0.0707372016677029) = 1.5
acosh(2.352409615243247) = 1.5
sin(0.5) = 0.479425538604203
sinh(0.5) = 0.5210953054937474
asin(0.479425538604203) = 0.5
asinh(0.5210953054937474) = 0.5
tan(1.4) = 5.797883715482887
tanh(1.4) = 0.8853516482022625
atan(5.797883715482887) = 1.4
atanh(0.8853516482022625) = 1.4000000000000001
ceil(1.34) = 2
floor(1.34) = 1
round(1.34) = 1
round(1.54) = 2
exp(10) = 22026.465794806718
power(2, 10) = 1024
sqrt(2) = 1.4142135623730951
fmod(-32, 5) = -2
log10(1000) = 3
log2(1024) = 10

数据类型判断函数

is_null(undefined) = true
is_not_null(1) = true
is_str(1) = false
is_str('val') = true
is_bool(true) = true
is_int(1) = true
is_float(1) = false
is_float(1.234) = true
is_num(2.3) = true
is_num('val') = false

数据类型转换函数

str(1234) = '1234'
str_utf8(1234) = '1234'
bool('true') = true
int('1234') = 1234
float('3.14') = 3.14
float2str(20.2, 10) = '20.2'
float2str(20.2, 17) = '20.19999999999999928'

注意浮点型转换为字符串的时候，输出结果会受到精度的影响，详情见：floating-point-guide (opens new window)

字符串函数

lower('AbC') = 'abc'
lower('abc') = 'abc'
upper('AbC') = 'ABC'` `lower('ABC') = 'ABC'
trim(' hello  ') = 'hello'
ltrim(' hello  ') = 'hello  '
rtrim(' hello  ') = ' hello'
reverse('hello') = 'olleh'
strlen('hello') = 5
substr('abcdef', 2) = 'cdef'
substr('abcdef', 2, 3) = 'cde'
split('a/b/ c', '/') = ['a', 'b', ' c']
split('a/b/ c', '/', 'leading') = ['a', 'b/ c']
split('a/b/ c', '/', 'trailing') = ['a/b', ' c']
concat('a', '/bc') = 'a/bc'
'a' + '/bc' = 'a/bc'
tokens(' a/b/ c', '/') = [' a', 'b', ' c']
tokens(' a/b/ c', '/ ') = ['a', 'b', 'c']
tokens(' a/b/ c\n', '/ ') = ['a', 'b', 'c\n']
tokens(' a/b/ c\n', '/ ', 'nocrlf') = ['a', 'b', 'c']
tokens(' a/b/ c\r\n', '/ ', 'nocrlf') = ['a', 'b', 'c']
sprintf('hello, ~s!', 'steve') = 'hello, steve!'
sprintf('count: ~p~n', 100) = 'count: 100\n'
pad('abc', 5) = 'abc  '
pad('abc', 5, 'trailing') = 'abc  '
pad('abc', 5, 'both') = ' abc '
pad('abc', 5, 'leading') = '  abc'
pad('abc', 5, 'trailing', '*') = 'abc**'
pad('abc', 5, 'trailing', '*#') = 'abc*#*#'
pad('abc', 5, 'both', '*') = '*abc*'
pad('abc', 5, 'both', '*#') = '*#abc*#'
pad('abc', 5, 'leading', '*') = '**abc'
pad('abc', 5, 'leading', '*#') = '*#*#abc'
replace('ababef', 'ab', 'cd') = 'cdcdef'
replace('ababef', 'ab', 'cd', 'all') = 'cdcdef'
replace('ababef', 'ab', 'cd', 'trailing') = 'abcdef'
replace('ababef', 'ab', 'cd', 'leading') = 'cdabef'
regex_match('abc123', '[a-zA-Z1-9]*') = true
regex_replace('ab1cd3ef', '[1-9]', '[&]') = 'ab[1]cd[3]ef'
regex_replace('ccefacef', 'c+', ':') = ':efa:ef'
ascii('a') = 97
find('eeabcabcee', 'abc') = 'abcabcee'
find('eeabcabcee', 'abc', 'leading') = 'abcabcee'
find('eeabcabcee', 'abc', 'trailing') = 'abcee'

Map 函数

map_get('a', json_decode( '{ "a" : 1 }' )) = 1
map_get('b', json_decode( '{ "a" : 1 }' ), 2) = 2
map_get('a', map_put('a', 2, json_decode( '{ "a" : 1 }' ))) = 2

数组函数

nth(2, [1,2,3,4]) = 2
length([1,2,3,4]) = 4
sublist(3, [1,2,3,4]) = [1,2,3,4]
sublist(1,2,[1,2,3,4]) = [1, 2]
first([1,2,3,4]) = 1
last([1,2,3,4]) = 4
contains(2, [1,2,3,4]) = true

哈希函数

md5('some val') = '1b68352b3e9c2de52ffd322e30bffcc4'
sha('some val') = 'f85ba28ff5ea84a0cbfa118319acb0c5e58ee2b9'
sha256('some val') = '67f97635d8a0e064f60ba6e8846a0ac0be664f18f0c1dc6445cd3542d2b71993'

压缩解压缩函数

bin2hexstr(gzip('hello world')) = '1F8B0800000000000003CB48CDC9C95728CF2FCA49010085114A0D0B000000'
gunzip(hexstr2bin('1F8B0800000000000003CB48CDC9C95728CF2FCA49010085114A0D0B000000')) = 'hello world'
bin2hexstr(zip('hello world')) = 'CB48CDC9C95728CF2FCA490100'
unzip(hexstr2bin('CB48CDC9C95728CF2FCA490100')) = 'hello world'
bin2hexstr(zip_compress('hello world')) = '789CCB48CDC9C95728CF2FCA4901001A0B045D'
zip_uncompress(hexstr2bin('789CCB48CDC9C95728CF2FCA4901001A0B045D')) = 'hello world'

比特操作函数

subbits('abc', 8) = 97
subbits('abc', 9, 8) = 98
subbits('abc', 17, 8) = 99
subbits('abc', 9, 16, 'integer', 'signed', 'big') = 25187
subbits('abc', 9, 16, 'integer', 'signed', 'little') = 25442

编解码函数

base64_encode('some val') = 'c29tZSB2YWw='
base64_decode('c29tZSB2YWw=') = 'some val'
json_encode(json_decode( '{ "a" : 1 }' )) = '{"a":1}'
bin2hexstr(hexstr2bin('ABEF123')) = 'ABEF123'

时间与日期函数

时间戳精度

时间字符串编解码格式

时间偏移量定义

now_timestamp() = 1650874276
now_timestamp('millisecond') = 1650874318331
now_rfc3339() = '2022-04-25T16:08:41+08:00'
now_rfc3339('millisecond') = '2022-04-25T16:10:10.652+08:00'
unix_ts_to_rfc3339(1650874276) = '2022-04-25T16:11:16+08:00'
unix_ts_to_rfc3339(1650874318331, 'millisecond') = '2022-04-25T16:11:58.331+08:00'
rfc3339_to_unix_ts('2022-04-25T16:11:16+08:00') = 1650874276
rfc3339_to_unix_ts('2022-04-25T16:11:58.331+08:00', 'millisecond') = 1650874318331
format_date('second', '+0800', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%:z', 1653561612) = '2022-05-26 18:40:12+08:00'
format_date('second', 'local', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%:z') = "2022-05-26 18:48:01+08:00"
format_date('second', 0, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%:z') = '2022-05-26 10:42:41+00:00'
date_to_unix_ts('second', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%:z', '2022-05-26 18:40:12+08:00') = 1653561612
date_to_unix_ts('second', 'local', '%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S', '2022-05-26 18:40:12') = 1653561612
date_to_unix_ts('second', '%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S', '2022-05-26 10:40:12') = 1653561612

用来转换 JSON 数据的 JQ 函数

除了以上内置函数外，EMQX 还集成了用于处理 JSON 数据的 JQ 函数，请参考 JQ 函数。