Functions available in SQL statements

Functions available in SQL statements

Mathematical functions

function name	Purpose	parameter	Returned value
abs	Absolute value	Operand	absolute value
cos	Cosine	Operand	Cosine value
cosh	Hyperbolic cosine	Operand	Hyperbolic cosine value
acos	Inverse cosine	Operand	Inverse cosine value
acosh	Inverse hyperbolic cosine	Operand	Inverse hyperbolic cosine value
sin	Sine	Operand	Sine value
sinh	Hyperbolic sine	Operand	Hyperbolic sine value
asin	Arcsine	Operand	Arcsine value
asinh	inverse hyperbolic sine	Operand	inverse hyperbolic sine value
tan	tangent	Operand	tangent value
tanh	Hyperbolic tangent	Operand	Hyperbolic tangent value
atan	Arc tangent	Operand	Arc tangent value
atanh	Inverse hyperbolic tangent	Operand	Inverse hyperbolic tangent value
ceil	Round up	Operand	Integer value
floor	Round down	Operand	Integer value
round	rounding	Operand	Integer value
exp	Exponentiation	Operand	X power of e
power	Exponential operation	1. Left operand x 2. Right operand y	Y power of X
sqrt	Square root operation	Operand	Square root
fmod	Floating point modulus function	1. left Operand 2.right Operand	module
log	Logarithm to e	Operand	value
log10	Logarithm to 10	Operand	value
log2	Logarithm to 2	Operand	value

abs(-12) = 12
cos(1.5) = 0.0707372016677029
cosh(1.5) = 2.352409615243247
acos(0.0707372016677029) = 1.5
acosh(2.352409615243247) = 1.5
sin(0.5) = 0.479425538604203
sinh(0.5) = 0.5210953054937474
asin(0.479425538604203) = 0.5
asinh(0.5210953054937474) = 0.5
tan(1.4) = 5.797883715482887
tanh(1.4) = 0.8853516482022625
atan(5.797883715482887) = 1.4
atanh(0.8853516482022625) = 1.4000000000000001
ceil(1.34) = 2
floor(1.34) = 1
round(1.34) = 1
round(1.54) = 2
exp(10) = 22026.465794806718
power(2, 10) = 1024
sqrt(2) = 1.4142135623730951
fmod(-32, 5) = -2
log10(1000) = 3
log2(1024) = 10

Data type judgment function

Function name	Purpose	parameter	Returned value
is_null	Judge if the variable is null	Data	Boolean data.if it is empty (undefined), return true, otherwise return false
is_not_null	Judge if the variable is not null	Data	Boolean data.if it is empty (undefined), return false, otherwise return true
is_str	Judge whether the variable is String type	Data	Boolean data.
is_bool	Judge if the variable is Boolean type	Data	Boolean data.
is_int	Judge whether the variable is Integer type	Data	Boolean data.
is_float	Judge whether the variable is Float type	Data	Boolean data.
is_num	Judge whether the variable is a numeric type, including Integer and Float types	Data	Boolean data.
is_map	Judge whether the variable is Map type	Data	Boolean data.
is_array	Judge whether the variable is Array type	Data	Boolean data.

is_null(undefined) = true
is_not_null(1) = true
is_str(1) = false
is_str('val') = true
is_bool(true) = true
is_int(1) = true
is_float(1) = false
is_float(1.234) = true
is_num(2.3) = true
is_num('val') = false

Data type conversion function

function name	purpose	parameter	returned value
str	Convert data to String type	Data	Data of type String. Failure to convert will cause SQL matching to fail
str_utf8	Convert data to UTF-8 String type	Data	UTF-8 String type data. Failure to convert will cause SQL matching to fail
bool	Convert data to Boolean type	Data	Boolean data. Failure to convert will cause SQL matching to fail
int	Convert data to integer type	Data	Integer type data. Failure to convert will cause SQL matching to fail
float	Convert data to floating type	Data	Floating type data. Failure to convert will cause SQL matching to fail
float2str	Convert a float to string using the given precision	1. Float Number 2. Precision	String
map	Convert data to Map type	Data	Map type data. Failure to convert will cause SQL matching to fail

str(1234) = '1234'
str_utf8(1234) = '1234'
bool('true') = true
int('1234') = 1234
float('3.14') = 3.14
float2str(20.2, 10) = '20.2'
float2str(20.2, 17) = '20.19999999999999928'

String functions

Function name	Purpose	parameter	returned value
lower	convert to lowercase	input string	Lowercase string
upper	convert to uppercase	input string	uppercase string
trim	Remove left and right space	input string	output string
ltrim	Remove the left space	input string	output string
rtrim	Remove the right space	input string	output string
reverse	String inversion	input string	output string
strlen	string length	input string	Integer value
substr	Take a substring of characters	1. input string 2. Start position. Note: Subscripts start at 1	substring
substring	Take a substring of characters	1. input string 2. Start position 3. End position. Note: Subscripts start at 1	substring
split	String splitting	1. input string 2. split string	Split string array
split	String splitting	1. input string 2. split string 3. Find the first separator on the left or right, optional value is ‘leading’ or ‘trailing’	Split string array
split	split string	1. input string 2. split string 3. Find the first separator on the left or right, optional value is ‘leading’ or ‘trailing’	Split string array

lower('AbC') = 'abc'
lower('abc') = 'abc'
upper('AbC') = 'ABC'` `lower('ABC') = 'ABC'
trim(' hello  ') = 'hello'
ltrim(' hello  ') = 'hello  '
rtrim(' hello  ') = ' hello'
reverse('hello') = 'olleh'
strlen('hello') = 5
substr('abcdef', 2) = 'cdef'
substr('abcdef', 2, 3) = 'cde'
split('a/b/ c', '/') = ['a', 'b', ' c']
split('a/b/ c', '/', 'leading') = ['a', 'b/ c']
split('a/b/ c', '/', 'trailing') = ['a/b', ' c']

Map function

function name	purpose	parameter	returned value
map_get	Take the value of a Key in the Map, or return a null value if failed	1. Key 2. Map	The value of a Key in the Map. Support nested keys, such as “a.b.c”
map_get	Take the value of a Key in the Map, if failed, return the specified default value	1. Key 2. Map 3. Default Value	The value of a Key in the Map. Support nested keys, such as “a.b.c”
map_put	Insert value into Map	1. Key 2. Value 3. Map	The inserted Map. Support nested keys, such as “a.b.c”

map_get('a', json_decode( '{ "a" : 1 }' )) = 1
map_get('b', json_decode( '{ "a" : 1 }' ), 2) = 2
map_get('a', map_put('a', 2, json_decode( '{ "a" : 1 }' ))) = 2

Array function

function name	purpose	parameter	returned value
nth	Take the nth element, and subscripts start at 1	Original array	Nth element
length	Get the length of an array	Original array	the length of an array
sublist	Take a sub-array of length len starting from the first element. Subscripts start at 1	1. length len 2. Original array	sub-array
sublist	Take a sub-array of length len starting from the nth element. Subscripts start at 1	1. start position n 2. length len 3. Original array	sub-array
first	Take the first element. Subscripts start at 1	Original array	1st element
last	take the last element	Original array	the last element
contains	Determine whether the data is in the array	1. data 2. Original array	Boolean value

nth(2, [1,2,3,4]) = 2
length([1,2,3,4]) = 4
sublist(3, [1,2,3,4]) = [1,2,3,4]
sublist(1,2,[1,2,3,4]) = [1, 2]
first([1,2,3,4]) = 1
last([1,2,3,4]) = 4
contains(2, [1,2,3,4]) = true

Hash function

function name	purpose	parameter	returned value
md5	evaluate MD5	data	MD5 value
sha	evaluate SHA	data	SHA value
sha256	evaluate SHA256	data	SHA256 value

md5('some val') = '1b68352b3e9c2de52ffd322e30bffcc4'
sha('some val') = 'f85ba28ff5ea84a0cbfa118319acb0c5e58ee2b9'
sha256('some val') = '67f97635d8a0e064f60ba6e8846a0ac0be664f18f0c1dc6445cd3542d2b71993'

Compresses and Uncompresses functions

Function	Purpose	Parameters	Returned value
`gzip`	Compresses data with gz headers and checksum.	Raw binary data	Compressed binary data
`gunzip`	Uncompresses data with gz headers and checksum.	Compressed binary data	Raw binary data
`zip`	Compresses data without zlib headers and checksum.	Raw binary data	Compressed binary data
`unzip`	Uncompresses data without zlib headers and checksum.	Compressed binary data	Raw binary data
`zip_compress`	Compresses data with zlib headers and checksum.	Raw binary data	Compressed binary data
`zip_uncompress`	Uncompresses data with zlib headers and checksum.	Compressed binary data	Raw binary data

bin2hexstr(gzip('hello world')) = '1F8B0800000000000003CB48CDC9C95728CF2FCA49010085114A0D0B000000'
gunzip(hexstr2bin('1F8B0800000000000003CB48CDC9C95728CF2FCA49010085114A0D0B000000')) = 'hello world'
bin2hexstr(zip('hello world')) = 'CB48CDC9C95728CF2FCA490100'
unzip(hexstr2bin('CB48CDC9C95728CF2FCA490100')) = 'hello world'
bin2hexstr(zip_compress('hello world')) = '789CCB48CDC9C95728CF2FCA4901001A0B045D'
zip_uncompress(hexstr2bin('789CCB48CDC9C95728CF2FCA4901001A0B045D')) = 'hello world'

Bit functions

Function	Purpose	Parameters	Returned value
`subbits`	Get a given length of bits from the beginning of a binary, and then convert it to an unsigned integer (big-endian).	1. The binary 2. The length of bits to get	The unsigned integer
`subbits`	Get a given length of bits start from the specified offset of a binary, and then convert it to an unsigned integer (big-endian). Offsets are start from 1.	1. The binary 2. The offset 3. The length of bits to get	The unsigned integer
`subbits`	Get a given length of bits start from the specified offset of a binary, and then convert it to a data type according to the arguments provided. Offsets are start from 1.	1. The binary 2. The offset 3. The length of bits to get 4. Data Type, can be one of ‘integer’, ‘float’, ‘bits’ 5. Signedness, only works for integers, can be one of ‘unsigned’, ‘signed’, 6. Endianness, only works for integers, can be one of ‘big’, ‘little’	The data got from the binary

subbits('abc', 8) = 97
subbits('abc', 9, 8) = 98
subbits('abc', 17, 8) = 99
subbits('abc', 9, 16, 'integer', 'signed', 'big') = 25187
subbits('abc', 9, 16, 'integer', 'signed', 'little') = 25442

Decoding and encoding functions

Function	Purpose	Parameters	Returned value
`base64_encode`	BASE64 encode	The binary to be encoded	The encoded base64-formatted string
`base64_decode`	BASE64 decode	The base64-formatted string to be decoded	The decoded binary
`json_encode`	JSON encode	The data to be encoded	The JSON string
`json_decode`	JSON decode	The JSON string to be decoded	The decoded data
`bin2hexstr`	Binary to Hex String	The binary	The hex string
`hexstr2bin`	Binary to Hex String	The hex string	The binary

base64_encode('some val') = 'c29tZSB2YWw='
base64_decode('c29tZSB2YWw=') = 'some val'
json_encode(json_decode( '{ "a" : 1 }' )) = '{"a":1}'
bin2hexstr(hexstr2bin('ABEF123')) = 'ABEF123'

Time and date functions

Function	Purpose	Parameters	Returned value
`now_timestamp`	Return the unix epoch of now in second	-	The unix epoch
`now_timestamp`	Return the unix epoch of now, in given time unit	1. The time unit	The unix epoch
`now_rfc3339`	Create a RFC3339 time string of now in second	-	The time string of format RFC3339
`now_rfc3339`	Create a RFC3339 time string of now, in given time unit	1. The time unit	The time string of format RFC3339
`unix_ts_to_rfc3339`	Convert an unix epoch (in second) to RFC3339 time string	1. The unix epoch in second	The time string of format RFC3339
`unix_ts_to_rfc3339`	Convert an unix epoch to RFC3339 time string, using the given time unit	1. The unix epoch 2. The time unit	The time string of format RFC3339
`rfc3339_to_unix_ts`	Convert a RFC3339 time string (in second) to unix epoch	1. The time string of format RFC3339	The unix epoch
`rfc3339_to_unix_ts`	Convert a RFC3339 time string to unix epoch, using the given time unit	1. The time string of format RFC3339 2. The time unit	The unix epoch
`format_date`	Timestamp to formatted time	1. The time unit (refer to The time unit) 2. The time offset (refer to time offset definition) 3. The date format (refer to time string codec format) 4. The timestamp (optional parameter, default is current time)	Formatted time
`date_to_unix_ts`	Formatted time to timestamp	1. The time unit (refer to the following table for definition) 2. The time offset (optional, when not filled, use the time offset in the formatted time string, refer to the time offset definition) 3. The date format (refer to time string codec format) 4. The formatted time string	The unix epoch

The time unit

Name	Precision	Example
`second`	second	1653557821
`millisecond`	millisecond	1653557852982
`microsecond`	microsecond	1653557892926417
`nanosecond`	nanosecond	1653557916474793000

Time string format

Placeholder	Definition	Range
`%Y`	year	0000 - 9999
`%m`	month	01 - 12
`%d`	day	01 - 31
`%H`	hour	00 - 12
`%M`	minute	00 - 59
`%S`	second	01 - 59
`%N`	nanosecond	000000000 - 999999999
`%3N`	millisecond	000000 - 999999
`%6N`	microsecond	000 - 000
`%z`	time offset [+\|-]HHMM	-1159 to +1159
`%:z`	time offset [+\|-]HH:MM	-11:59 to +11:59
`%::z`	time offset [+\|-]HH:MM:SS	-11:59:59 to +11:59:59

The time offset

Offset	Definition	Examples
`z`	UTC Zulu Time	`+00:00`
`Z`	UTC Zulu Time. Same as `z`	`+00:00`
`local`	System Time	Automatic Beijing `+08:00` Zulu `+00:00` Stockholm, Sweden `+02:00` Los Angeles `-08:00`
`[+\|-]HHMM`	`%z`	Beijing `+0800` Zulu `+0000` Stockholm, Sweden `+0200` Los Angeles `-0800`
`[+\|-]HH:MM`	`%:z`	Beijing `+08:00` Zulu `+00:00` Stockholm, Sweden `+02:00` Los Angeles `-08:00`
`[+\|-]HH:MM:SS`	`%::z`	Beijing `+08:00:00` Zulu `+00:00:00` Stockholm, Sweden `+02:00:00` Los Angeles `-08:00:00`
integer()	Seconds	Beijing 28800 Zulu 0 Stockholm, Sweden 7200 Los Angeles -28800

now_timestamp() = 1650874276
now_timestamp('millisecond') = 1650874318331
now_rfc3339() = '2022-04-25T16:08:41+08:00'
now_rfc3339('millisecond') = '2022-04-25T16:10:10.652+08:00'
unix_ts_to_rfc3339(1650874276) = '2022-04-25T16:11:16+08:00'
unix_ts_to_rfc3339(1650874318331, 'millisecond') = '2022-04-25T16:11:58.331+08:00'
rfc3339_to_unix_ts('2022-04-25T16:11:16+08:00') = 1650874276
rfc3339_to_unix_ts('2022-04-25T16:11:58.331+08:00', 'millisecond') = 1650874318331
format_date('second', '+0800', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%:z', 1653561612) = '2022-05-26 18:40:12+08:00'
format_date('second', 'local', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%:z') = "2022-05-26 18:48:01+08:00"
format_date('second', 0, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%:z') = '2022-05-26 10:42:41+00:00'
date_to_unix_ts('second', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%:z', '2022-05-26 18:40:12+08:00') = 1653561612
date_to_unix_ts('second', 'local', '%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S', '2022-05-26 18:40:12') = 1653561612
date_to_unix_ts('second', '%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S', '2022-05-26 10:40:12') = 1653561612