Snapcraft 指南 (Ubuntu 软件中心 & 更多)

Snapcraft 指南 (Ubuntu 软件中心 & 更多)

本指南提供了有关如何包装你的 Electron 应用程序的任何 Snapcraft 环境, 包括 Ubuntu 软件中心的信息。

背景和要求

与更广泛的 Linux 社区一起, 规范旨在解决 snapcraft 项目中的许多常见的软件安装问题。 Snaps 是容器化的软件包, 包括所需的依赖项、自动更新和对所有主要 Linux 发行版的工作, 而无需进行系统修改。

创建 .snap 文件有三种方法:

1) 使用 electron-forge 或 electron-builder, 与 snap 支持的两个工具都不在该框中。这是最简单的选择。 2) 使用 electron-installer-snap, 它采用 electron-packager 的输出。 3) 使用已经创建的 .deb 包。

在某些情况下，您需要安装 快照 工具。 Instructions to install snapcraft for your particular distribution are available here.

使用 `electron-installer-snap`

该模块的工作原理与electron-winstaller类似因为它的范围仅限于构建捕捉包。你可以这样安装:

npm install --save-dev electron-installer-snap

步骤 1: 打包你的 Electron 应用程序

打包应用程序使用 electron-packager (或类似工具)。请务必删除 node_modules 您在您的最后应用程序中不需要因为您不需要任何模块，您将会增加您的应用程序的大小。

结构输出应该看起来大致像这样:

.
└── dist
    └── app-linux-x64
        ├── LICENSE
        ├── LICENSES.chromium.html
        ├── content_shell.pak
        ├── app
        ├── icudtl.dat
        ├── libgcrypt.so.11
        ├── libnode.so
        ├── locales
        ├── resources
        ├── v8_context_snapshot.bin
        └── version

步骤 2: 运行 `electron-installer-snap`

从一个在 PATH中有 快照 的终端，运行 electron-installer-snap 带唯一需要的参数 --src, 这是你打包的位置 Electron 应用程序创建在第一步。

npx electron-installer-snap --src=out/myappname-linux-x64

如果您有一个现有的构建管道，您可以程序性地使用 electron-installer-snap 欲了解更多信息，请参阅 Snapcraft API 文档。

const snap = require('electron-installer-snap')
snap(options)
  .then(snapPath => console.log(`Created snap at ${snapPath}!`))

Using `snapcraft` with `electron-packager`

Step 1: Create Sample Snapcraft Project

Create your project directory and add add the following to snap/snapcraft.yaml:

name: electron-packager-hello-world
version: '0.1'
summary: Hello World Electron app
description: |
  Simple Hello World Electron app as an example
base: core18
confinement: strict
grade: stable
apps:
  electron-packager-hello-world:
    command: electron-quick-start/electron-quick-start --no-sandbox
    extensions: [gnome-3-34]
    plugs:
    - browser-support
    - network
    - network-bind
    environment:
      # Correct the TMPDIR path for Chromium Framework/Electron to ensure
      # libappindicator has readable resources.
      TMPDIR: $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR
parts:
  electron-quick-start:
    plugin: nil
    source: https://github.com/electron/electron-quick-start.git
    override-build: |
        npm install electron electron-packager
        npx electron-packager . --overwrite --platform=linux --output=release-build --prune=true
        cp -rv ./electron-quick-start-linux-* $SNAPCRAFT_PART_INSTALL/electron-quick-start
    build-snaps:
    - node/14/stable
    build-packages:
    - unzip
    stage-packages:
    - libnss3
    - libnspr4

If you want to apply this example to an existing project:

Replace source: https://github.com/electron/electron-quick-start.git with source: ..
Replace all instances of electron-quick-start with your project’s name.

Step 2: Build the snap

$ snapcraft
<output snipped>
Snapped electron-packager-hello-world_0.1_amd64.snap

Step 3: Install the snap

sudo snap install electron-packager-hello-world_0.1_amd64.snap --dangerous

Step 4: Run the snap

electron-packager-hello-world

name: myApp
version: '2.0.0'
summary: A little description for the app.
description: |
 You know what? This app is amazing! It does all the things
 for you. Some say it keeps you young, maybe even happy.
grade: stable
confinement: classic
parts:
  slack:
    plugin: dump
    source: my-deb.deb
    source-type: deb
    after:
      - desktop-gtk3
    stage-packages:
      - libasound2
      - libnotify4
      - libnspr4
      - libnss3
      - libpcre3
      - libpulse0
      - libxss1
      - libxtst6
  electron-launch:
    plugin: dump
    source: files/
    prepare: |
      chmod +x bin/electron-launch
apps:
  myApp:
    command: bin/electron-launch $SNAP/usr/lib/myApp/myApp
    desktop: usr/share/applications/myApp.desktop
    # Correct the TMPDIR path for Chromium Framework/Electron to ensure
    # libappindicator has readable resources.
    environment:
      TMPDIR: $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR

As you can see, the snapcraft.yaml instructs the system to launch a file called electron-launch. In this example, it passes information on to the app’s binary:

#!/bin/sh
exec "$@" --executed-from="$(pwd)" --pid=$$ > /dev/null 2>&1 &

或者，如果您正在构建您的 吸附 带有 严格的 封装，您可以使用 桌面启动 命令：

apps:
  myApp:
    # Correct the TMPDIR path for Chromium Framework/Electron to ensure
    # libappindicator has readable resources.
    command: env TMPDIR=$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR PATH=/usr/local/bin:${PATH} ${SNAP}/bin/desktop-launch $SNAP/myApp/desktop
    desktop: usr/share/applications/desktop.desktop

Snapcraft