Snapcraft 指南 (Ubuntu 软件中心 & 更多)

本指南提供了有关如何包装你的 Electron 应用程序的任何 Snapcraft 环境, 包括 Ubuntu 软件中心的信息。

背景和要求

与更广泛的 Linux 社区一起, 规范旨在解决 snapcraft 项目中的许多常见的软件安装问题。 Snaps 是容器化的软件包, 包括所需的依赖项、自动更新和对所有主要 Linux 发行版的工作, 而无需进行系统修改。

创建 .snap 文件有三种方法:

1) 使用 electron-forge 或 electron-builder, 与 snap 支持的两个工具都不在该框中。 这是最简单的选择。 2) 使用 electron-installer-snap, 它采用 electron-packager 的输出。 3) 使用已经创建的 .deb 包。

在所有情况下, 都需要安装 snapcraft 工具。我们建议在 Ubuntu 16.04 (或当前的) 上建立。

  1. snap install snapcraft --classic

虽然 可以 在使用自制程序的 macOS 上安装 snapcraft, 但它无法生成 snap 包, 并且集中于管理存储中的包。

使用 electron-installer-snap

该模块的工作原理与electron-winstaller类似 因为它的范围仅限于构建捕捉包。 你可以这样安装:

  1. npm install --save-dev electron-installer-snap

步骤 1: 打包你的 Electron 应用程序

打包应用程序使用 electron-packager (或类似工具)。 Make sure to remove node_modules that you don't need in your final application, since any module you don't actually need will increase your application's size.

结构输出应该看起来大致像这样:

  1. .
  2. └── dist
  3.     └── app-linux-x64
  4.         ├── LICENSE
  5.         ├── LICENSES.chromium.html
  6.         ├── content_shell.pak
  7.         ├── app
  8.         ├── icudtl.dat
  9.         ├── libgcrypt.so.11
  10.         ├── libnode.so
  11.         ├── locales
  12.         ├── natives_blob.bin
  13.         ├── resources
  14.         ├── v8_context_snapshot.bin
  15.         └── version

步骤 2: 运行 electron-installer-snap

From a terminal that has snapcraft in its PATH, run electron-installer-snap with the only required parameter —src, which is the location of your packaged Electron application created in the first step.

  1. npx electron-installer-snap --src=out/myappname-linux-x64

If you have an existing build pipeline, you can use electron-installer-snap programmatically. For more information, see the Snapcraft API docs.

  1. const snap = require('electron-installer-snap')
  3. snap(options)
  4.   .then(snapPath => console.log(`Created snap at ${snapPath}!`))

使用一个现有的 Debian 包

Snapcraft is capable of taking an existing .deb file and turning it into a .snap file. The creation of a snap is configured using a snapcraft.yaml file that describes the sources, dependencies, description, and other core building blocks.

步骤 1: 创建一个 Debian 包

If you do not already have a .deb package, using electron-installer-snap might be an easier path to create snap packages. However, multiple solutions for creating Debian packages exist, including electron-forge, electron-builder or electron-installer-debian.

步骤 2: 创建一个 snapcraft.yaml

For more information on the available configuration options, see the documentation on the snapcraft syntax. Let's look at an example:

  1. name: myApp
  2. version: '2.0.0'
  3. summary: A little description for the app.
  4. description: |
  5.  You know what? This app is amazing! It does all the things
  6.  for you. Some say it keeps you young, maybe even happy.
  8. grade: stable
  9. confinement: classic
  11. parts:
  12.   slack:
  13.     plugin: dump
  14.     source: my-deb.deb
  15.     source-type: deb
  16.     after:
  18.       - desktop-gtk3
  19.     stage-packages:
  20.       - libasound2
  21.       - libnotify4
  22.       - libnspr4
  23.       - libnss3
  24.       - libpcre3
  25.       - libpulse0
  26.       - libxss1
  27.       - libxtst6
  28.   electron-launch:
  29.     plugin: dump
  30.     source: files/
  31.     prepare: |
  32.       chmod +x bin/electron-launch
  34. apps:
  35.   myApp:
  36.     command: bin/electron-launch $SNAP/usr/lib/myApp/myApp
  37.     desktop: usr/share/applications/myApp.desktop
  38.     # Correct the TMPDIR path for Chromium Framework/Electron to ensure
  39.     # libappindicator has readable resources.
  40.     environment:
  41.       TMPDIR: $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR

As you can see, the snapcraft.yaml instructs the system to launch a file called electron-launch. In this example, it passes information on to the app's binary:

  1. #!/bin/sh
  3. exec "$@" --executed-from="$(pwd)" --pid=$$ > /dev/null 2>&1 &

Alternatively, if you're building your snap with strict confinement, you can use the desktop-launch command:

  1. apps:
  2.   myApp:
  3.     # Correct the TMPDIR path for Chromium Framework/Electron to ensure
  4.     # libappindicator has readable resources.
  5.     command: env TMPDIR=$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR PATH=/usr/local/bin:${PATH} ${SNAP}/bin/desktop-launch $SNAP/myApp/desktop
  6.     desktop: usr/share/applications/desktop.desktop