深度链接 (Deep Links)

深度链接 (Deep Links)

概览

本指南将会指导你配置 Electron 应用为特定协议的默认处理器。

通过此教程，您会掌握如何设置您的应用以拦截并处理任意特定协议的URL的点击事件。在本指南中，我们假定这个协议名为“electron-fiddle://”。

示例

主进程（main.js）

首先，我们需要从electron导入所需的模块。这些模块有助于控制应用的生命周期，或创建原生的浏览器窗口。

const { app, BrowserWindow, shell } = require('electron')
const path = require('path')

其次，我们将应用注册为“electron-fiddle://”协议的处理器。

if (process.defaultApp) {
  if (process.argv.length >= 2) {
    app.setAsDefaultProtocolClient('electron-fiddle', process.execPath, [path.resolve(process.argv[1])])
  }
} else {
  app.setAsDefaultProtocolClient('electron-fiddle')
}

现在我们定义负责创建浏览器窗口的函数，并加载应用的 index.html 文件。

const createWindow = () => {
  // 创建浏览器窗口
  mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
    width: 800,
    height: 600,
    webPreferences: {
      preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js')
    }
  })
  mainWindow.loadFile('index.html')
}

紧接着，我们将创建 BrowserWindow 并在应用中定义如何处理此外部协议被点击的事件。

与 MacOS 或 Linux 不同，在 Windows 下需要其他的代码。这是因为在 Windows 中需要特别处理在同一个 Electron 实例中打开的协议的内容。请点击此处了解更多

Windows 下代码：

const gotTheLock = app.requestSingleInstanceLock()
if (!gotTheLock) {
  app.quit()
} else {
  app.on('second-instance', (event, commandLine, workingDirectory) => {
    // 用户正在尝试运行第二个实例，我们需要让焦点指向我们的窗口
    if (mainWindow) {
      if (mainWindow.isMinimized()) mainWindow.restore()
      mainWindow.focus()
    }
    // the commandLine is array of strings in which last element is deep link url
    // the url str ends with /
    dialog.showErrorBox('Welcome Back', `You arrived from: ${commandLine.pop().slice(0, -1)}`)
  })
  // Create mainWindow, load the rest of the app, etc...
  app.whenReady().then(() => {
    createWindow()
  })
}

MacOS 与 Linux 下代码：

// Electron 在完成初始化，并准备创建浏览器窗口时，
// 会调用这个方法。
// 部分 API 在 ready 事件触发后才能使用。
app.whenReady().then(() => {
  createWindow()
})
// 处理协议 在本例中，我们选择显示一个错误提示对话框。
app.on('open-url', (event, url) => {
  dialog.showErrorBox('欢迎回来', `导向自: ${url}`)
})

最后，我们还需要处理应用的关闭事件。

// 在除 MacOS 的其他平台上，当所有窗口关闭后，退出当前应用。 在 MacOS 上，
// 应用及其菜单栏通常会保持活跃状态，
// 直到用户明确按下 Cmd + Q 退出应用
app.on('window-all-closed', () => {
  if (process.platform !== 'darwin') app.quit()
})

重要提醒：

打包

在 macOS 和 Linux 上，此功能仅在应用打包后才有效。在命令行启动的开发版中无效。当您打包应用程序时，你需要确保应用程序的 macOS Info.plist 和 Linux .desktop 文件已更新以包含新的协议处理程序。一些绑定和分发应用程序的 Electron 工具会自动为你处理

Electron Forge

如果您使用 Electron Forge，请调整 macOS 支持的 packagerConfig ，以及适当调整 Linux 制造商的 Linux 支持配置，在 Forge 配置 (请注意以下示例仅显示添加配置时所需更改的最低值) ：

{
  "config": {
    "forge": {
      "packagerConfig": {
        "protocols": [
          {
            "name": "Electron Fiddle",
            "schemes": ["electron-fiddle"]
          }
        ]
      },
      "makers": [
        {
          "name": "@electron-forge/maker-deb",
          "config": {
            "mimeType": ["x-scheme-handler/electron-fiddle"]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Electron Packager

对于 macOS 支持：

如果您正在使用 Electron Packager 的 API，添加对协议处理程序的支持类似于 Electron Forge 的处理方式，其他 protocols 是传递到 packager 函数的 Packager 选项的一部分。

const packager = require('electron-packager')
packager({
  // ...other options...
  protocols: [
    {
      name: 'Electron Fiddle',
      schemes: ['electron-fiddle']
    }
  ]
}).then(paths => console.log(`SUCCESS: Created ${paths.join(', ')}`))
  .catch(err => console.error(`ERROR: ${err.message}`))

如果您使用 Electron Packager 的 CLI，请使用 --protocol 和 --protocol-name 标志。例如:

npx electron-packager . --protocol=electron-fiddle --protocol-name="Electron Fiddle"

结论

启动 Electron 应用后，在浏览器内键入包含该自定义协议的 URL，如 "electron-fiddle://open" ，观察应用是否正确响应并显示一个错误提示对话框。

docs/fiddles/system/protocol-handler/launch-app-from-URL-in-another-app (23.0.0)Open in Fiddle

main.js
preload.js
index.html
renderer.js

// Modules to control application life and create native browser window
const { app, BrowserWindow, ipcMain, shell, dialog } = require('electron')
const path = require('path')
let mainWindow;
if (process.defaultApp) {
  if (process.argv.length >= 2) {
    app.setAsDefaultProtocolClient('electron-fiddle', process.execPath, [path.resolve(process.argv[1])])
  }
} else {
    app.setAsDefaultProtocolClient('electron-fiddle')
}
const gotTheLock = app.requestSingleInstanceLock()
if (!gotTheLock) {
  app.quit()
} else {
  app.on('second-instance', (event, commandLine, workingDirectory) => {
    // Someone tried to run a second instance, we should focus our window.
    if (mainWindow) {
      if (mainWindow.isMinimized()) mainWindow.restore()
      mainWindow.focus()
    }
    dialog.showErrorBox('Welcome Back', `You arrived from: ${commandLine.pop().slice(0,-1)}`)
  })
  // Create mainWindow, load the rest of the app, etc...
  app.whenReady().then(() => {
    createWindow()
  })
  app.on('open-url', (event, url) => {
    dialog.showErrorBox('Welcome Back', `You arrived from: ${url}`)
  })
}
function createWindow () {
  // Create the browser window.
  mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
    width: 800,
    height: 600,
    webPreferences: {
      preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js'),
    }
  })
  mainWindow.loadFile('index.html')
}
// Quit when all windows are closed, except on macOS. There, it's common
// for applications and their menu bar to stay active until the user quits
// explicitly with Cmd + Q.
app.on('window-all-closed', function () {
  if (process.platform !== 'darwin') app.quit()
})
// Handle window controls via IPC
ipcMain.on('shell:open', () => {
  const pageDirectory = __dirname.replace('app.asar', 'app.asar.unpacked')
  const pagePath = path.join('file://', pageDirectory, 'index.html')
  shell.openExternal(pagePath)
})

// All of the Node.js APIs are available in the preload process.
// It has the same sandbox as a Chrome extension.
const { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
// Set up context bridge between the renderer process and the main process
contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld(
  'shell',
  {
    open: () => ipcRenderer.send('shell:open'),
  }
)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <!-- https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP -->
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'">
  <meta http-equiv="X-Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'">
  <title>app.setAsDefaultProtocol Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>App Default Protocol Demo</h1>
  <p>The protocol API allows us to register a custom protocol and intercept existing protocol requests.</p>
  <p>These methods allow you to set and unset the protocols your app should be the default app for. Similar to when a
    browser asks to be your default for viewing web pages.</p>
  <p>Open the <a href="https://www.electronjs.org/docs/api/protocol">full protocol API documentation</a> in your
    browser.</p>
  -----
  <h3>Demo</h3>
  <p>
    First: Launch current page in browser
    <button id="open-in-browser" class="js-container-target demo-toggle-button">
        Click to Launch Browser
      </button>
  </p>
  <p>
    Then: Launch the app from a web link!
    <a href="electron-fiddle://open">Click here to launch the app</a>
  </p>
  ----
  <p>You can set your app as the default app to open for a specific protocol. For instance, in this demo we set this app
    as the default for <code>electron-fiddle://</code>. The demo button above will launch a page in your default
    browser with a link. Click that link and it will re-launch this app.</p>
  <h3>Packaging</h3>
  <p>This feature will only work on macOS when your app is packaged. It will not work when you're launching it in
    development from the command-line. When you package your app you'll need to make sure the macOS <code>plist</code>
    for the app is updated to include the new protocol handler. If you're using <code>electron-packager</code> then you
    can add the flag <code>--extend-info</code> with a path to the <code>plist</code> you've created. The one for this
    app is below:</p>
  <p>
  <h5>macOS plist</h5>
  <pre><code>
    &lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;
    &lt;!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"&gt;
            &lt;plist version="1.0"&gt;
                &lt;dict&gt;
                    &lt;key&gt;CFBundleURLTypes&lt;/key&gt;
                    &lt;array&gt;
                        &lt;dict&gt;
                            &lt;key&gt;CFBundleURLSchemes&lt;/key&gt;
                            &lt;array&gt;
                                &lt;string&gt;electron-api-demos&lt;/string&gt;
                            &lt;/array&gt;
                            &lt;key&gt;CFBundleURLName&lt;/key&gt;
                            &lt;string&gt;Electron API Demos Protocol&lt;/string&gt;
                        &lt;/dict&gt;
                    &lt;/array&gt;
                    &lt;key&gt;ElectronTeamID&lt;/key&gt;
                    &lt;string&gt;VEKTX9H2N7&lt;/string&gt;
                &lt;/dict&gt;
            &lt;/plist&gt;
        </code>
    </pre>
  <p>
    <!-- You can also require other files to run in this process -->
    <script src="./renderer.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

// This file is required by the index.html file and will
// be executed in the renderer process for that window.
// All APIs exposed by the context bridge are available here.
// Binds the buttons to the context bridge API.
document.getElementById('open-in-browser').addEventListener('click', () => {
  shell.open();
});