Variable
- Variable setting and viewing
- Supported variables

Variable

This document focuses on currently supported variables.

Variables in Doris refer to variable settings in MySQL. However, some of the variables are only used to be compatible with some MySQL client protocols, and do not produce their actual meaning in the MySQL database.

Variable setting and viewing

View

All or specified variables can be viewed via SHOW VARIABLES [LIKE 'xxx'];. Such as:

SHOW VARIABLES;
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%time_zone%';

Settings

Note that before version 1.1, after the setting takes effect globally, the setting value will be inherited in subsequent new session connections, but the value in the current session will remain unchanged. After version 1.1 (inclusive), after the setting takes effect globally, the setting value will be used in subsequent new session connections, and the value in the current session will also change.

For session-only, set by the SET var_name=xxx; statement. Such as:

SET exec_mem_limit = 137438953472;
SET forward_to_master = true;
SET time_zone = "Asia/Shanghai";

For global-level, set by SET GLOBAL var_name=xxx;. Such as:

SET GLOBAL exec_mem_limit = 137438953472

Note 1: Only ADMIN users can set variable at global-level.

Variables that support both session-level and global-level setting include:

time_zone
wait_timeout
sql_mode
enable_profile
query_timeout
insert_timeout
exec_mem_limit
batch_size
parallel_fragment_exec_instance_num
parallel_exchange_instance_num
allow_partition_column_nullable
insert_visible_timeout_ms
enable_fold_constant_by_be

Variables that support only global-level setting include:

default_rowset_type
default_password_lifetime
password_history
validate_password_policy

At the same time, variable settings also support constant expressions. Such as:

SET exec_mem_limit = 10 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
SET forward_to_master = concat('tr', 'u', 'e');

Set variables in the query statement

In some scenarios, we may need to set variables specifically for certain queries. The SET_VAR hint sets the session value of a system variable temporarily (for the duration of a single statement). Examples:

SELECT /*+ SET_VAR(exec_mem_limit = 8589934592) */ name FROM people ORDER BY name;
SELECT /*+ SET_VAR(query_timeout = 1, enable_partition_cache=true) */ sleep(3);

Note that the comment must start with /*+ and can only follow the SELECT.

Supported variables

SQL_AUTO_IS_NULL

Used for compatible JDBC connection pool C3P0. No practical effect.
auto_increment_increment

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
autocommit

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
auto_broadcast_join_threshold

The maximum size in bytes of the table that will be broadcast to all nodes when a join is performed, broadcast can be disabled by setting this value to -1.

The system provides two join implementation methods, broadcast join and shuffle join.

broadcast join means that after conditional filtering the small table, broadcast it to each node where the large table is located to form an in-memory Hash table, and then stream the data of the large table for Hash Join.

shuffle join refers to hashing both small and large tables according to the join key, and then performing distributed join.

broadcast join has better performance when the data volume of the small table is small. On the contrary, shuffle join has better performance.

The system will automatically try to perform a Broadcast Join, or you can explicitly specify the implementation of each join operator. The system provides a configurable parameter auto_broadcast_join_threshold, which specifies the upper limit of the memory used by the hash table to the overall execution memory when broadcast join is used. The value ranges from 0 to 1, and the default value is 0.8. When the memory used by the system to calculate the hash table exceeds this limit, it will automatically switch to using shuffle join

The overall execution memory here is: a fraction of what the query optimizer estimates

Note:

It is not recommended to use this parameter to adjust, if you must use a certain join, it is recommended to use hint, such as join[shuffle]
batch_size

Used to specify the number of rows of a single packet transmitted by each node during query execution. By default, the number of rows of a packet is 1024 rows. That is, after the source node generates 1024 rows of data, it is packaged and sent to the destination node.

A larger number of rows will increase the throughput of the query in the case of scanning large data volumes, but may increase the query delay in small query scenario. At the same time, it also increases the memory overhead of the query. The recommended setting range is 1024 to 4096.
character_set_client

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
character_set_connection

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
character_set_results

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
character_set_server

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
codegen_level

Used to set the level of LLVM codegen. (Not currently in effect).
collation_connection

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
collation_database

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
collation_server

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
default_order_by_limit

Used to control the default number of items returned after OrderBy. The default value is -1, and the maximum number of records after the query is returned by default, and the upper limit is the MAX_VALUE of the long data type.
delete_without_partition

When set to true. When using the delete command to delete partition table data, no partition is required. The delete operation will be automatically applied to all partitions.

Note, however, that the automatic application to all partitions may cause the delete command to take a long time to trigger a large number of subtasks and cause a long time. If it is not necessary, it is not recommended to turn it on.
disable_colocate_join

Controls whether the Colocation Join function is enabled. The default is false, which means that the feature is enabled. True means that the feature is disabled. When this feature is disabled, the query plan will not attempt to perform a Colocation Join.
enable_bucket_shuffle_join

Controls whether the Bucket Shuffle Join function is enabled. The default is true, which means that the feature is enabled. False means that the feature is disabled. When this feature is disabled, the query plan will not attempt to perform a Bucket Shuffle Join.
disable_streaming_preaggregations

Controls whether streaming pre-aggregation is turned on. The default is false, which is enabled. Currently not configurable and enabled by default.
enable_insert_strict

Used to set the strict mode when loading data via INSERT statement. The default is false, which means that the strict mode is not turned on. For an introduction to this mode, see here.
enable_spilling

Used to set whether to enable external sorting. The default is false, which turns off the feature. This feature is enabled when the user does not specify a LIMIT condition for the ORDER BY clause and also sets enable_spilling to true. When this feature is enabled, the temporary data is stored in the doris-scratch/ directory of the BE data directory and the temporary data is cleared after the query is completed.

This feature is mainly used for sorting operations with large amounts of data using limited memory.

Note that this feature is experimental and does not guarantee stability. Please turn it on carefully.
exec_mem_limit

Used to set the memory limit for a single query. The default is 2GB, you can set it in B/K/KB/M/MB/G/GB/T/TB/P/PB, the default is B.

This parameter is used to limit the memory that can be used by an instance of a single query fragment in a query plan. A query plan may have multiple instances, and a BE node may execute one or more instances. Therefore, this parameter does not accurately limit the memory usage of a query across the cluster, nor does it accurately limit the memory usage of a query on a single BE node. The specific needs need to be judged according to the generated query plan.

Usually, only some blocking nodes (such as sorting node, aggregation node, and join node) consume more memory, while in other nodes (such as scan node), data is streamed and does not occupy much memory.

When a Memory Exceed Limit error occurs, you can try to increase the parameter exponentially, such as 4G, 8G, 16G, and so on.
forward_to_master

The user sets whether to forward some commands to the Master FE node for execution. The default is true, which means forwarding. There are multiple FE nodes in Doris, one of which is the Master node. Usually users can connect to any FE node for full-featured operation. However, some of detail information can only be obtained from the Master FE node.

For example, the SHOW BACKENDS; command, if not forwarded to the Master FE node, can only see some basic information such as whether the node is alive, and forwarded to the Master FE to obtain more detailed information including the node startup time and the last heartbeat time.

The commands currently affected by this parameter are as follows:
1. SHOW FRONTEND;
  
  Forward to Master to view the last heartbeat information.
2. SHOW BACKENDS;
  
  Forward to Master to view startup time, last heartbeat information, and disk capacity information.
3. SHOW BROKERS;
  
  Forward to Master to view the start time and last heartbeat information.
4. SHOW TABLET;/ADMIN SHOW REPLICA DISTRIBUTION;/ADMIN SHOW REPLICA STATUS;
  
  Forward to Master to view the tablet information stored in the Master FE metadata. Under normal circumstances, the tablet information in different FE metadata should be consistent. When a problem occurs, this method can be used to compare the difference between the current FE and Master FE metadata.
5. SHOW PROC;
  
  Forward to Master to view information about the relevant PROC stored in the Master FE metadata. Mainly used for metadata comparison.
init_connect

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
interactive_timeout

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
enable_profile

Used to set whether you need to view the profile of the query. The default is false, which means no profile is required.

By default, the BE sends a profile to the FE for viewing errors only if an error occurs in the query. A successful query will not send a profile. Sending a profile will incur a certain amount of network overhead, which is detrimental to a high concurrent query scenario.

When the user wants to analyze the profile of a query, the query can be sent after this variable is set to true. After the query is finished, you can view the profile on the web page of the currently connected FE:

fe_host:fe_http:port/query

It will display the most recent 100 queries which enable_profile is set to true.
language

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
license

Show Doris’s license. No other effect.
lower_case_table_names

Used to control whether the user table name is case-sensitive.

A value of 0 makes the table name case-sensitive. The default is 0.

When the value is 1, the table name is case insensitive. Doris will convert the table name to lowercase when storing and querying.
The advantage is that any case of table name can be used in one statement. The following SQL is correct:
```
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_ in_testdb|
+------------------+
| cost             |
+------------------+
mysql> select * from COST where COst.id < 100 order by cost.id;
```
The disadvantage is that the table name specified in the table creation statement cannot be obtained after table creation. The table name viewed by ‘show tables’ is lower case of the specified table name.

When the value is 2, the table name is case insensitive. Doris stores the table name specified in the table creation statement and converts it to lowercase for comparison during query.
The advantage is that the table name viewed by ‘show tables’ is the table name specified in the table creation statement;
The disadvantage is that only one case of table name can be used in the same statement. For example, the table name ‘cost’ can be used to query the ‘cost’ table:
```
mysql> select * from COST where COST.id < 100 order by COST.id;
```
This variable is compatible with MySQL and must be configured at cluster initialization by specifying lower_case_table_names= in fe.conf. It cannot be modified by the set statement after cluster initialization is complete, nor can it be modified by restarting or upgrading the cluster.

The system view table names in information_schema are case-insensitive and behave as 2 when the value of lower_case_table_names is 0.

Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

max_allowed_packet

Used for compatible JDBC connection pool C3P0. No practical effect.
max_pushdown_conditions_per_column

For the specific meaning of this variable, please refer to the description of max_pushdown_conditions_per_column in BE Configuration. This variable is set to -1 by default, which means that the configuration value in be.conf is used. If the setting is greater than 0, the query in the current session will use the variable value, and ignore the configuration value in be.conf.
max_scan_key_num

For the specific meaning of this variable, please refer to the description of doris_max_scan_key_num in BE Configuration. This variable is set to -1 by default, which means that the configuration value in be.conf is used. If the setting is greater than 0, the query in the current session will use the variable value, and ignore the configuration value in be.conf.
net_buffer_length

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
net_read_timeout

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
net_write_timeout

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
parallel_exchange_instance_num

Used to set the number of exchange nodes used by an upper node to receive data from the lower node in the execution plan. The default is -1, which means that the number of exchange nodes is equal to the number of execution instances of the lower nodes (default behavior). When the setting is greater than 0 and less than the number of execution instances of the lower node, the number of exchange nodes is equal to the set value.

In a distributed query execution plan, the upper node usually has one or more exchange nodes for receiving data from the execution instances of the lower nodes on different BEs. Usually the number of exchange nodes is equal to the number of execution instances of the lower nodes.

In some aggregate query scenarios, if the amount of data to be scanned at the bottom is large, but the amount of data after aggregation is small, you can try to modify this variable to a smaller value, which can reduce the resource overhead of such queries. Such as the scenario of aggregation query on the DUPLICATE KEY data model.
parallel_fragment_exec_instance_num

For the scan node, set its number of instances to execute on each BE node. The default is 1.

A query plan typically produces a set of scan ranges, the range of data that needs to be scanned. These data are distributed across multiple BE nodes. A BE node will have one or more scan ranges. By default, a set of scan ranges for each BE node is processed by only one execution instance. When the machine resources are abundant, you can increase the variable and let more execution instances process a set of scan ranges at the same time, thus improving query efficiency.

The number of scan instances determines the number of other execution nodes in the upper layer, such as aggregate nodes and join nodes. Therefore, it is equivalent to increasing the concurrency of the entire query plan execution. Modifying this parameter will help improve the efficiency of large queries, but larger values will consume more machine resources, such as CPU, memory, and disk IO.
query_cache_size

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
query_cache_type

Used for compatible JDBC connection pool C3P0. No practical effect.
query_timeout

Used to set the query timeout. This variable applies to all query statements in the current connection. Particularly, timeout of INSERT statements is recommended to be managed by the insert_timeout below. The default is 5 minutes, in seconds.
insert_timeout Used to set the insert timeout. This variable applies to INSERT statements particularly in the current connection, and is recommended to manage long-duration INSERT action. The default is 4 hours, in seconds. It will lose effect when query_timeout is greater than itself to make it compatible with the habits of older version users to use query_timeout to control the timeout of INSERT statements.
resource_group

Not used.
send_batch_parallelism

Used to set the default parallelism for sending batch when execute InsertStmt operation, if the value for parallelism exceed max_send_batch_parallelism_per_job in BE config, then the coordinator BE will use the value of max_send_batch_parallelism_per_job.
sql_mode

Used to specify SQL mode to accommodate certain SQL dialects. For the SQL mode, see here.
sql_safe_updates

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
sql_select_limit

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
system_time_zone

Displays the current system time zone. Cannot be changed.
time_zone

Used to set the time zone of the current session. The time zone has an effect on the results of certain time functions. For the time zone, see here.
tx_isolation

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
tx_read_only

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
transaction_read_only

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
transaction_isolation

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
version

Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.
performance_schema

Used for compatibility with MySQL JDBC 8.0.16 or later version. No practical effect.
version_comment

Used to display the version of Doris. Cannot be changed.
wait_timeout

The length of the connection used to set up an idle connection. When an idle connection does not interact with Doris for that length of time, Doris will actively disconnect the link. The default is 8 hours, in seconds.
default_rowset_type

Used for setting the default storage format of Backends storage engine. Valid options: alpha/beta
use_v2_rollup

Used to control the sql query to use segment v2 rollup index to get data. This variable is only used for validation when upgrading to segment v2 feature. Otherwise, not recommended to use.
rewrite_count_distinct_to_bitmap_hll

Whether to rewrite count distinct queries of bitmap and HLL types as bitmap_union_count and hll_union_agg.
prefer_join_method

When choosing the join method(broadcast join or shuffle join), if the broadcast join cost and shuffle join cost are equal, which join method should we prefer.

Currently, the optional values for this variable are “broadcast” or “shuffle”.
allow_partition_column_nullable

Whether to allow the partition column to be NULL when creating the table. The default is true, which means NULL is allowed. false means the partition column must be defined as NOT NULL.
insert_visible_timeout_ms

When execute insert statement, doris will wait for the transaction to commit and visible after the import is completed. This parameter controls the timeout of waiting for transaction to be visible. The default value is 10000, and the minimum value is 1000.
enable_exchange_node_parallel_merge

In a sort query, when an upper level node receives the ordered data of the lower level node, it will sort the corresponding data on the exchange node to ensure that the final data is ordered. However, when a single thread merges multiple channels of data, if the amount of data is too large, it will lead to a single point of exchange node merge bottleneck.

Doris optimizes this part if there are too many data nodes in the lower layer. Exchange node will start multithreading for parallel merging to speed up the sorting process. This parameter is false by default, which means that exchange node does not adopt parallel merge sort to reduce the extra CPU and memory consumption.
extract_wide_range_expr

Used to control whether turn on the ‘Wide Common Factors’ rule. The value has two: true or false. On by default.
enable_fold_constant_by_be

Used to control the calculation method of constant folding. The default is false, that is, calculation is performed in FE; if it is set to true, it will be calculated by BE through RPC request.
cpu_resource_limit

Used to limit the resource overhead of a query. This is an experimental feature. The current implementation is to limit the number of scan threads for a query on a single node. The number of scan threads is limited, and the data returned from the bottom layer slows down, thereby limiting the overall computational resource overhead of the query. Assuming it is set to 2, a query can use up to 2 scan threads on a single node.

This parameter will override the effect of parallel_fragment_exec_instance_num. That is, assuming that parallel_fragment_exec_instance_num is set to 4, and this parameter is set to 2. Then 4 execution instances on a single node will share up to 2 scanning threads.

This parameter will be overridden by the cpu_resource_limit configuration in the user property.

The default is -1, which means no limit.
disable_join_reorder

Used to turn off all automatic join reorder algorithms in the system. There are two values: true and false.It is closed by default, that is, the automatic join reorder algorithm of the system is adopted. After set to true, the system will close all automatic sorting algorithms, adopt the original SQL table order, and execute join
enable_infer_predicate

Used to control whether to perform predicate derivation. There are two values: true and false. It is turned off by default, that is, the system does not perform predicate derivation, and uses the original predicate to perform related operations. After it is set to true, predicate expansion is performed.
return_object_data_as_binary Used to identify whether to return the bitmap/hll result in the select result. In the select into outfile statement, if the export file format is csv, the bimap/hll data will be base64-encoded, if it is the parquet file format, the data will be stored as a byte array

block_encryption_mode The block_encryption_mode variable controls the block encryption mode. The default setting is empty, when use AES equal to AES_128_ECB, when use SM4 equal to SM3_128_ECB available values:

  AES_128_ECB,
  AES_192_ECB,
  AES_256_ECB,
  AES_128_CBC,
  AES_192_CBC,
  AES_256_CBC,
  AES_128_CFB,
  AES_192_CFB,
  AES_256_CFB,
  AES_128_CFB1,
  AES_192_CFB1,
  AES_256_CFB1,
  AES_128_CFB8,
  AES_192_CFB8,
  AES_256_CFB8,
  AES_128_CFB128,
  AES_192_CFB128,
  AES_256_CFB128,
  AES_128_CTR,
  AES_192_CTR,
  AES_256_CTR,
  AES_128_OFB,
  AES_192_OFB,
  AES_256_OFB,
  SM4_128_ECB,
  SM4_128_CBC,
  SM4_128_CFB128,
  SM4_128_OFB,
  SM4_128_CTR,

enable_infer_predicate

Used to control whether predicate deduction is performed. There are two values: true and false. It is turned off by default, and the system does not perform predicate deduction, and uses the original predicate for related operations. When set to true, predicate expansion occurs.
trim_tailing_spaces_for_external_table_query

Used to control whether trim the tailing spaces while quering Hive external tables. The default is false.
skip_storage_engine_merge

For debugging purpose. In vectorized execution engine, in case of problems of reading data of Aggregate Key model and Unique Key model, setting value to true will read data as Duplicate Key model.
skip_delete_predicate

For debugging purpose. In vectorized execution engine, in case of problems of reading data, setting value to true will also read deleted data.
default_password_lifetime

Default password expiration time. The default value is 0, which means no expiration. The unit is days. This parameter is only enabled if the user’s password expiration property has a value of DEFAULT. like:
```
CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY "12345" PASSWORD_EXPIRE DEFAULT;
ALTER USER user1 PASSWORD_EXPIRE DEFAULT;
```
password_history

The default number of historical passwords. The default value is 0, which means no limit. This parameter is enabled only when the user’s password history attribute is the DEFAULT value. like:
```
CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY "12345" PASSWORD_HISTORY DEFAULT;
ALTER USER user1 PASSWORD_HISTORY DEFAULT;
```
validate_password_policy

Password strength verification policy. Defaults to NONE or 0, i.e. no verification. Can be set to STRONG or 2. When set to STRONG or 2, when setting a password via the ALTER USER or SET PASSWORD commands, the password must contain any of “uppercase letters”, “lowercase letters”, “numbers” and “special characters”. 3 items, and the length must be greater than or equal to 8. Special characters include: ~!@#$%^&*()_+|<>,.?/:;'[]{}".
group_concat_max_len

For compatible purpose. This variable has no effect, just enable some BI tools can query or set this session variable sucessfully.
rewrite_or_to_in_predicate_threshold

The default threshold of rewriting OR to IN. The default value is 2, which means that when there are 2 ORs, if they can be compact, they will be rewritten as IN predicate.
group_by_and_having_use_alias_first

Specifies whether group by and having clauses use column aliases rather than searching for column name in From clause. The default value is false.
enable_file_cache

Set wether to use block file cache. This variable takes effect only if the BE config enable_file_cache=true. The cache is not used when BE config enable_file_cache=false.
topn_opt_limit_threshold

Set threshold for limit of topn query (eg. SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY k LIMIT n). If n <= threshold, topn optimizations(runtime predicate pushdown, two phase result fetch and read order by key) will enable automatically, otherwise disable. Default value is 1024.
drop_table_if_ctas_failed

Controls whether create table as select deletes created tables when a insert error occurs, the default value is true.