How to install Django

This document will get you up and running with Django.

安装Python

Django is a Python Web framework. See 我应该使用哪个版本的Python来配合Django? fordetails.

获取最新版本的Python可以通过：访问 https://www.python.org/downloads/ ；或者操作系统的包管理工具。

基于 Jython 的 Django

Jython (a Python implementation for the Java platform) is not compatiblewith Python 3, so Django ≥ 2.0 cannot run on Jython.

Python on Windows

If you are just starting with Django and using Windows, you may find如何在Windows上安装Django useful.

Install Apache and mod_wsgi

If you just want to experiment with Django, skip ahead to the nextsection; Django includes a lightweight web server you can use fortesting, so you won't need to set up Apache until you're ready todeploy Django in production.

If you want to use Django on a production site, use Apache withmod_wsgi. mod_wsgi operates in one of two modes: embeddedmode or daemon mode. In embedded mode, mod_wsgi is similar tomod_perl — it embeds Python within Apache and loads Python code intomemory when the server starts. Code stays in memory throughout thelife of an Apache process, which leads to significant performancegains over other server arrangements. In daemon mode, mod_wsgi spawnsan independent daemon process that handles requests. The daemonprocess can run as a different user than the Web server, possiblyleading to improved security. The daemon process can be restartedwithout restarting the entire Apache Web server, possibly makingrefreshing your codebase more seamless. Consult the mod_wsgidocumentation to determine which mode is right for your setup. Makesure you have Apache installed with the mod_wsgi module activated.Django will work with any version of Apache that supports mod_wsgi.

See How to use Django with mod_wsgifor information on how to configure mod_wsgi once you have itinstalled.

If you can't use mod_wsgi for some reason, fear not: Django supports many otherdeployment options. One is uWSGI; it worksvery well with nginx. Additionally, Django follows the WSGI spec(PEP 3333), which allows it to run on a variety of server platforms.

Get your database running

If you plan to use Django's database API functionality, you'll need to makesure a database server is running. Django supports many different databaseservers and is officially supported with PostgreSQL, MySQL, Oracle andSQLite.

If you are developing a simple project or something you don't plan to deployin a production environment, SQLite is generally the simplest option as itdoesn't require running a separate server. However, SQLite has many differencesfrom other databases, so if you are working on something substantial, it'srecommended to develop with the same database that you plan on using inproduction.

In addition to the officially supported databases, there are backendsprovided by 3rd parties that allow you to use otherdatabases with Django.

In addition to a database backend, you'll need to make sure your Pythondatabase bindings are installed.

  • If you're using PostgreSQL, you'll need the psycopg2 package. Refer to thePostgreSQL notes for further details.
  • If you're using MySQL, you'll need a DB API driver like mysqlclient. See notes for the MySQLbackend for details.
  • If you're using SQLite you might want to read the SQLite backend notes.
  • If you're using Oracle, you'll need a copy of cx_Oracle, but pleaseread the notes for the Oracle backend for detailsregarding supported versions of both Oracle and cx_Oracle.
  • If you're using an unofficial 3rd party backend, please consult thedocumentation provided for any additional requirements.If you plan to use Django's manage.py migrate command to automaticallycreate database tables for your models (after first installing Django andcreating a project), you'll need to ensure that Django has permission to createand alter tables in the database you're using; if you plan to manually createthe tables, you can simply grant Django SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE andDELETE permissions. After creating a database user with thesepermissions, you'll specify the details in your project's settings file,see DATABASES for details.

If you're using Django's testing framework to testdatabase queries, Django will need permission to create a test database.

移除任何老版本的Django

If you are upgrading your installation of Django from a previous version,you will need to uninstall the old Django version before installing thenew version.

If you installed Django using pip or easy_install previously, installingwith pip or easy_install again will automatically take care of the oldversion, so you don't need to do it yourself.

If you previously installed Django using python setup.py install,uninstalling is as simple as deleting the django directory from your Pythonsite-packages. To find the directory you need to remove, you can run thefollowing at your shell prompt (not the interactive Python prompt):

  1. $ python -c "import django; print(django.__path__)"

Install the Django code

Installation instructions are slightly different depending on whether you'reinstalling a distribution-specific package, downloading the latest officialrelease, or fetching the latest development version.

It's easy, no matter which way you choose.

Installing an official release with pip

This is the recommended way to install Django.

  • Install pip. The easiest is to use the standalone pip installer. If yourdistribution already has pip installed, you might need to update it ifit's outdated. If it's outdated, you'll know because installation won'twork.
  • Take a look at virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper. These tools provideisolated Python environments, which are more practical than installingpackages systemwide. They also allow installing packages withoutadministrator privileges. The contributing tutorial walks through how to create a virtualenv.
  • After you've created and activated a virtual environment, enter the commandpip install Django at the shell prompt.

Installing a distribution-specific package

Check the distribution specific notes to see ifyour platform/distribution provides official Django packages/installers.Distribution-provided packages will typically allow for automatic installationof dependencies and easy upgrade paths; however, these packages will rarelycontain the latest release of Django.

Installing the development version

Tracking Django development

If you decide to use the latest development version of Django,you'll want to pay close attention to the development timeline,and you'll want to keep an eye on the release notes for theupcoming release. This will help you stayon top of any new features you might want to use, as well as any changesyou'll need to make to your code when updating your copy of Django.(For stable releases, any necessary changes are documented in therelease notes.)

If you'd like to be able to update your Django code occasionally with thelatest bug fixes and improvements, follow these instructions:

  • Make sure that you have Git installed and that you can run its commandsfrom a shell. (Enter git help at a shell prompt to test this.)

  • Check out Django's main development branch like so:

  1. $ git clone https://github.com/django/django.git

This will create a directory django in your current directory.

  • Make sure that the Python interpreter can load Django's code. The mostconvenient way to do this is to use virtualenv, virtualenvwrapper, andpip. The contributing tutorial walks throughhow to create a virtualenv.

  • After setting up and activating the virtualenv, run the following command:

  1. $ pip install -e django/

This will make Django's code importable, and will also make thedjango-admin utility command available. In other words, you're allset!

When you want to update your copy of the Django source code, just run thecommand git pull from within the django directory. When you do this,Git will automatically download any changes.