PostgreSQL specific model indexes

The following are PostgreSQL specific indexes available from the django.contrib.postgres.indexes module.

BloomIndex

class BloomIndex(\expressions, length=None, columns=(), **options*)

Creates a bloom index.

To use this index access you need to activate the bloom extension on PostgreSQL. You can install it using the BloomExtension migration operation.

Provide an integer number of bits from 1 to 4096 to the length parameter to specify the length of each index entry. PostgreSQL’s default is 80.

The columns argument takes a tuple or list of up to 32 values that are integer number of bits from 1 to 4095.

Changed in Django 3.2:

Positional argument *expressions was added in order to support functional indexes.

BrinIndex

class BrinIndex(\expressions, autosummarize=None, pages_per_range=None, **options*)

Creates a BRIN index.

Set the autosummarize parameter to True to enable automatic summarization to be performed by autovacuum.

The pages_per_range argument takes a positive integer.

Changed in Django 3.2:

Positional argument *expressions was added in order to support functional indexes.

BTreeIndex

class BTreeIndex(\expressions, fillfactor=None, **options*)

Creates a B-Tree index.

Provide an integer value from 10 to 100 to the fillfactor parameter to tune how packed the index pages will be. PostgreSQL’s default is 90.

Changed in Django 3.2:

Positional argument *expressions was added in order to support functional indexes.

GinIndex

class GinIndex(\expressions, fastupdate=None, gin_pending_list_limit=None, **options*)

Creates a gin index.

To use this index on data types not in the built-in operator classes, you need to activate the btree_gin extension on PostgreSQL. You can install it using the BtreeGinExtension migration operation.

Set the fastupdate parameter to False to disable the GIN Fast Update Technique that’s enabled by default in PostgreSQL.

Provide an integer number of bytes to the gin_pending_list_limit parameter to tune the maximum size of the GIN pending list which is used when fastupdate is enabled.

Changed in Django 3.2:

Positional argument *expressions was added in order to support functional indexes.

GistIndex

class GistIndex(\expressions, buffering=None, fillfactor=None, **options*)

Creates a GiST index. These indexes are automatically created on spatial fields with spatial_index=True. They’re also useful on other types, such as HStoreField or the range fields.

To use this index on data types not in the built-in gist operator classes, you need to activate the btree_gist extension on PostgreSQL. You can install it using the BtreeGistExtension migration operation.

Set the buffering parameter to True or False to manually enable or disable buffering build of the index.

Provide an integer value from 10 to 100 to the fillfactor parameter to tune how packed the index pages will be. PostgreSQL’s default is 90.

Changed in Django 3.2:

Positional argument *expressions was added in order to support functional indexes.

HashIndex

class HashIndex(\expressions, fillfactor=None, **options*)

Creates a hash index.

Provide an integer value from 10 to 100 to the fillfactor parameter to tune how packed the index pages will be. PostgreSQL’s default is 90.

Use this index only on PostgreSQL 10 and later

Hash indexes have been available in PostgreSQL for a long time, but they suffer from a number of data integrity issues in older versions.

Changed in Django 3.2:

Positional argument *expressions was added in order to support functional indexes.

SpGistIndex

class SpGistIndex(\expressions, fillfactor=None, **options*)

Creates an SP-GiST index.

Provide an integer value from 10 to 100 to the fillfactor parameter to tune how packed the index pages will be. PostgreSQL’s default is 90.

Changed in Django 3.2:

Positional argument *expressions was added in order to support functional indexes.

OpClass() expressions

New in Django 3.2.

class OpClass(expression, name)

An OpClass() expression represents the expression with a custom operator class that can be used to define functional indexes or unique constraints. To use it, you need to add 'django.contrib.postgres' in your INSTALLED_APPS. Set the name parameter to the name of the operator class.

For example:

Index(
    OpClass(Lower('username'), name='varchar_pattern_ops'),
    name='lower_username_idx',
)

creates an index on Lower('username') using varchar_pattern_ops.

Another example:

UniqueConstraint(
    OpClass(Upper('description'), name='text_pattern_ops'),
    name='upper_description_unique',
)

creates a unique constraint on Upper('description') using text_pattern_ops.

Changed in Django 4.0:

Support for functional unique constraints was added.