Django 1.0 版本发行说明

欢迎来到 Django 1.0 版本！

我们期待这一刻已经三年多了，现在它终于来了。Django 1.0是Django开发过程中最大的一个里程碑:这是一个让一群完美主义者感到自豪的Web框架。

Django 1.0 作为一个开发了三年多的开源项目，得到了数百名开发人员的支持，并被翻译成50多种语言，现在仍广泛的被世界各地的开发人员用于各种工作中

An interesting historical note: when Django was first released in July 2005, the initial released version of Django came from an internal repository at revision number 8825. Django 1.0 represents revision 8961 of our public repository. It seems fitting that our 1.0 release comes at the moment where community contributions overtake those made privately.

稳定性和向前兼容性

The release of Django 1.0 comes with a promise of API stability and forwards-compatibility. In a nutshell, this means that code you develop against Django 1.0 will continue to work against 1.1 unchanged, and you should need to make only minor changes for any 1.X release.

查阅文档：“API稳定性指南”了解详细信息

向后不兼容的变化

Django 1.0 有许多与 Django 0.96 不兼容的修改。如果您有Django 0.96 的应用需要移植，请查看我们的详细移植指南。

• 将你的应用从 Django 0.96 移植到 1.0

查看不兼容的更改列表请移步：https://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/BackwardsIncompatibleChanges.

Django 1.0 新特性

很多

从 Django 0.96 开始，我们已经提交了4000多次的代码，修复了2000多个bug，并编辑了大约350000行的代码。我们还添加了40000行的新文档，极大的改进了现有的内容。

In fact, new documentation is one of our favorite features of Django 1.0, so we might as well start there. First, there’s a new documentation site:

• https://docs.djangoproject.com/

The documentation has been greatly improved, cleaned up, and generally made awesome. There’s now dedicated search, indexes, and more.

We can’t possibly document everything that’s new in 1.0, but the documentation will be your definitive guide. Anywhere you see something like:

New in Django 1.0:

此功能是 Django 1.0 中的新功能

You’ll know that you’re looking at something new or changed.

The other major highlights of Django 1.0 are:

Re-factored admin application

The Django administrative interface (django.contrib.admin) has been completely refactored; admin definitions are now completely decoupled from model definitions (no more class Admin declaration in models!), rewritten to use Django’s new form-handling library (introduced in the 0.96 release as django.newforms, and now available as simply django.forms) and redesigned with extensibility and customization in mind. Full documentation for the admin application is available online in the official Django documentation:

See the admin reference for details

改进了 Unicode 的处理

Django’s internals have been refactored to use Unicode throughout; this drastically simplifies the task of dealing with non-Western-European content and data in Django. Additionally, utility functions have been provided to ease interoperability with third-party libraries and systems which may or may not handle Unicode gracefully. Details are available in Django’s Unicode-handling documentation.

参见 Unicode 数据。

An improved ORM

Django’s object-relational mapper — the component which provides the mapping between Django model classes and your database, and which mediates your database queries — has been dramatically improved by a massive refactoring. For most users of Django this is backwards-compatible; the public-facing API for database querying underwent a few minor changes, but most of the updates took place in the ORM’s internals. A guide to the changes, including backwards-incompatible modifications and mentions of new features opened up by this refactoring, is available on the Django wiki.

Automatic escaping of template variables

To provide improved security against cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities, Django’s template system now automatically escapes the output of variables. This behavior is configurable, and allows both variables and larger template constructs to be marked as safe (requiring no escaping) or unsafe (requiring escaping). A full guide to this feature is in the documentation for the autoescape tag.

django.contrib.gis (GeoDjango)

A project over a year in the making, this adds world-class GIS (Geographic Information Systems) support to Django, in the form of a contrib application. Its documentation is currently being maintained externally, and will be merged into the main Django documentation shortly. Huge thanks go to Justin Bronn, Jeremy Dunck, Brett Hoerner and Travis Pinney for their efforts in creating and completing this feature.

See http://geodjango.org/ for details.

Pluggable file storage

Django’s built-in FileField and ImageField now can take advantage of pluggable file-storage backends, allowing extensive customization of where and how uploaded files get stored by Django. For details, see the files documentation; big thanks go to Marty Alchin for putting in the hard work to get this completed.

Jython 兼容性

Thanks to a lot of work from Leo Soto during a Google Summer of Code project, Django’s codebase has been refactored to remove incompatibilities with Jython, an implementation of Python written in Java, which runs Python code on the Java Virtual Machine. Django is now compatible with the forthcoming Jython 2.5 release.

Generic relations in forms and admin

Classes are now included in django.contrib.contenttypes which can be used to support generic relations in both the admin interface and in end-user forms. See the documentation for generic relations for details.

INSERT/UPDATE distinction

Although Django’s default behavior of having a model’s save() method automatically determine whether to perform an INSERT or an UPDATE at the SQL level is suitable for the majority of cases, there are occasional situations where forcing one or the other is useful. As a result, models can now support an additional parameter to save() which can force a specific operation.

See 强制执行 INSERT 或 UPDATE for details.

Split CacheMiddleware

Django’s CacheMiddleware has been split into three classes: CacheMiddleware itself still exists and retains all of its previous functionality, but it is now built from two separate middleware classes which handle the two parts of caching (inserting into and reading from the cache) separately, offering additional flexibility for situations where combining these functions into a single middleware posed problems.

Full details, including updated notes on appropriate use, are in the caching documentation.

Refactored django.contrib.comments

As part of a Google Summer of Code project, Thejaswi Puthraya carried out a major rewrite and refactoring of Django’s bundled comment system, greatly increasing its flexibility and customizability.

Removal of deprecated features

A number of features and methods which had previously been marked as deprecated, and which were scheduled for removal prior to the 1.0 release, are no longer present in Django. These include imports of the form library from django.newforms (now located simply at django.forms), the form_for_model and form_for_instance helper functions (which have been replaced by ModelForm) and a number of deprecated features which were replaced by the dispatcher, file-uploading and file-storage refactorings introduced in the Django 1.0 alpha releases.

已知问题

We’ve done our best to make Django 1.0 as solid as possible, but unfortunately there are a couple of issues that we know about in the release.

Multi-table model inheritance with to_field

If you’re using multiple table model inheritance, be aware of this caveat: child models using a custom parent_link and to_field will cause database integrity errors. A set of models like the following are not valid:

class Parent(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=10)
    other_value = models.IntegerField(unique=True)
class Child(Parent):
    father = models.OneToOneField(Parent, primary_key=True, to_field="other_value", parent_link=True)
    value = models.IntegerField()

这个 bug 将在 Django 的下一个版本中修复。

Caveats with support of certain databases

Django attempts to support as many features as possible on all database backends. However, not all database backends are alike, and in particular many of the supported database differ greatly from version to version. It’s a good idea to checkout our notes on supported database:

• MySQL 注意事项
• SQLite 注意事项
• Oracle 注意事项