MQTT

Detailed documentation on the MQTT pubsub component

Component format

To set up MQTT pub/sub, create a component of type pubsub.mqtt. See the pub/sub broker component file to learn how ConsumerID is automatically generated. Read the How-to: Publish and Subscribe guide on how to create and apply a pub/sub configuration.

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Component
metadata:
  name: mqtt-pubsub
spec:
  type: pubsub.mqtt
  version: v1
  metadata:
  - name: url
    value: "tcp://[username][:password]@host.domain[:port]"
  - name: qos
    value: 1
  - name: retain
    value: "false"
  - name: cleanSession
    value: "false"
  - name: consumerID
    value: "channel1"

Warning

The above example uses secrets as plain strings. It is recommended to use a secret store for the secrets as described here.

Spec metadata fields

Enabling message delivery retries

The MQTT pub/sub component has no built-in support for retry strategies. This means that the sidecar sends a message to the service only once. If the service marks the message as not processed, the message won’t be acknowledged back to the broker. Only if broker resends the message, would it would be retried.

To make Dapr use more spohisticated retry policies, you can apply a retry resiliency policy to the MQTT pub/sub component.

There is a crucial difference between the two ways of retries:

1. Re-delivery of unacknowledged messages is completely dependent on the broker. Dapr does not guarantee it. Some brokers like emqx, vernemq etc. support it but it not a part of MQTT3 spec.

2. Using a retry resiliency policy makes the same Dapr sidecar retry redelivering the messages. So it is the same Dapr sidecar and the same app receiving the same message.

Communication using TLS

To configure communication using TLS, ensure that the MQTT broker (for example, mosquitto) is configured to support certificates and provide the caCert, clientCert, clientKey metadata in the component configuration. For example:

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Component
metadata:
  name: mqtt-pubsub
spec:
  type: pubsub.mqtt
  version: v1
  metadata:
  - name: url
    value: "ssl://host.domain[:port]"
  - name: qos
    value: 1
  - name: retain
    value: "false"
  - name: cleanSession
    value: "false"
  - name: caCert
    value: ${{ myLoadedCACert }}
  - name: clientCert
    value: ${{ myLoadedClientCert }}
  - name: clientKey
    secretKeyRef:
      name: myMqttClientKey
      key: myMqttClientKey
auth:
  secretStore: <SECRET_STORE_NAME>

Note that while the caCert and clientCert values may not be secrets, they can be referenced from a Dapr secret store as well for convenience.

Consuming a shared topic

When consuming a shared topic, each consumer must have a unique identifier. By default, the application ID is used to uniquely identify each consumer and publisher. In self-hosted mode, invoking each dapr run with a different application ID is sufficient to have them consume from the same shared topic. However, on Kubernetes, multiple instances of an application pod will share the same application ID, prohibiting all instances from consuming the same topic. To overcome this, configure the component’s consumerID metadata with a {uuid} tag, which will give each instance a randomly generated consumerID value on start up. For example:

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Component
metadata:
  name: mqtt-pubsub
spec:
  type: pubsub.mqtt
  version: v1
  metadata:
    - name: consumerID
      value: "{uuid}"
    - name: url
      value: "tcp://admin:public@localhost:1883"
    - name: qos
      value: 1
    - name: retain
      value: "false"
    - name: cleanSession
      value: "true"

Warning

The above example uses secrets as plain strings. It is recommended to use a secret store for the secrets as described here.

Note that in the case, the value of the consumer ID is random every time Dapr restarts, so we are setting cleanSession to true as well.

Create a MQTT broker

• Self-Hosted
• Kubernetes

You can run a MQTT broker locally using Docker:

docker run -d -p 1883:1883 -p 9001:9001 --name mqtt eclipse-mosquitto:1.6

You can then interact with the server using the client port: mqtt://localhost:1883

You can run a MQTT broker in kubernetes using following yaml:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: mqtt-broker
  labels:
    app-name: mqtt-broker
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app-name: mqtt-broker
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app-name: mqtt-broker
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: mqtt
          image: eclipse-mosquitto:1.6
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - name: default
              containerPort: 1883
              protocol: TCP
            - name: websocket
              containerPort: 9001
              protocol: TCP
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mqtt-broker
  labels:
    app-name: mqtt-broker
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  selector:
    app-name: mqtt-broker
  ports:
    - port: 1883
      targetPort: default
      name: default
      protocol: TCP
    - port: 9001
      targetPort: websocket
      name: websocket
      protocol: TCP

You can then interact with the server using the client port: tcp://mqtt-broker.default.svc.cluster.local:1883

Related links

• Basic schema for a Dapr component
• Read this guide for instructions on configuring pub/sub components
• Pub/Sub building block

Last modified October 12, 2023: Update config.toml (#3826) (0ffc2e7)