The OVS Plugin

Introduction to the OVS Plugin

The OVS plugin is the native SDN implementations in CloudStack, using GRE isolation method. The plugin can be used by CloudStack to implement isolated guest networks and to provide additional services like NAT, port forwarding and load balancing.

Features of the OVS Plugin

The following table lists the CloudStack network services provided by the OVS Plugin.

Network ServiceCloudStack version
Virtual Networking>= 4.0
Static NAT>= 4.3
Port Forwarding>= 4.3
Load Balancing>= 4.3

Table: Supported Services

Note

The Virtual Networking service was originally called ‘Connectivity’ in CloudStack 4.0

The following hypervisors are supported by the OVS Plugin.

HypervisorCloudStack version
XenServer>= 4.0
KVM>= 4.3

Table: Supported Hypervisors

Configuring the OVS Plugin

Prerequisites

Before enabling the OVS plugin the hypervisor needs to be install OpenvSwitch. Default, XenServer has already installed OpenvSwitch. However, you must install OpenvSwitch manually on KVM. CentOS 6.4 and OpenvSwitch 1.10 are recommended.

KVM hypervisor:

  • CentOS 6.4 is recommended.
  • To make sure that the native bridge module will not interfere with openvSwitch the bridge module should be added to the blacklist. See the modprobe documentation for your distribution on where to find the blacklist. Make sure the module is not loaded either by rebooting or executing rmmod bridge before executing next steps.

Zone Configuration

CloudStack needs to have at least one physical network with the isolation method set to “GRE”. This network should be enabled for the Guest traffic type.

Note

With KVM, the traffic type should be configured with the traffic label that matches the name of the Integration Bridge on the hypervisor. For example, you should set the traffic label as following:

  • Management & Storage traffic: cloudbr0
  • Guest & Public traffic: cloudbr1 See KVM networking configuration guide for more detail.

a screenshot of a physical network with the GRE isolation type

Agent Configuration

Note

Only for KVM hypervisor

  • Configure network interfaces:

    1. /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
    2. DEVICE=eth0
    3. BOOTPROTO=none
    4. IPV6INIT=no
    5. NM_CONTROLLED=no
    6. ONBOOT=yes
    7. TYPE=OVSPort
    8. DEVICETYPE=ovs
    9. OVS_BRIDGE=cloudbr0
    11. /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
    12. DEVICE=eth1
    13. BOOTPROTO=none
    14. IPV6INIT=no
    15. NM_CONTROLLED=no
    16. ONBOOT=yes
    17. TYPE=OVSPort
    18. DEVICETYPE=ovs
    19. OVS_BRIDGE=cloudbr1
    21. /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-cloudbr0
    22. DEVICE=cloudbr0
    23. ONBOOT=yes
    24. DEVICETYPE=ovs
    25. TYPE=OVSBridge
    26. BOOTPROTO=static
    27. IPADDR=172.16.10.10
    28. GATEWAY=172.16.10.1
    29. NETMASK=255.255.255.0
    30. HOTPLUG=no
    32. /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-cloudbr1
    33. DEVICE=cloudbr1
    34. ONBOOT=yes
    35. DEVICETYPE=ovs
    36. TYPE=OVSBridge
    37. BOOTPROTO=none
    38. HOTPLUG=no
    40. /etc/sysconfig/network
    41. NETWORKING=yes
    42. HOSTNAME=testkvm1
    43. GATEWAY=172.10.10.1

  • Edit /etc/cloudstack/agent/agent.properties

    1. network.bridge.type=openvswitch
    2. libvirt.vif.driver=com.cloud.hypervisor.kvm.resource.OvsVifDriver

Enabling the service provider

The OVS provider is disabled by default. Navigate to the “Network Service Providers” configuration of the physical network with the GRE isolation type. Navigate to the OVS provider and press the “Enable Provider” button.

a screenshot of an enabled OVS provider

Network Offerings

Using the OVS plugin requires a network offering with Virtual Networking enabled and configured to use the OVS element. Typical use cases combine services from the Virtual Router appliance and the OVS plugin.

ServiceProvider
VPNVirtualRouter
DHCPVirtualRouter
DNSVirtualRouter
FirewallVirtualRouter
Load BalancerOVS
User DataVirtualRouter
Source NATVirtualRouter
Static NATOVS
Post ForwardingOVS
Virtual NetworkingOVS

Table: Isolated network offering with regular services from the Virtual Router.

a screenshot of a network offering.

Note

The tag in the network offering should be set to the name of the physical network with the OVS provider.

Isolated network with network services. The virtual router is still required to provide network services like dns and dhcp.

ServiceProvider
DHCPVirtualRouter
DNSVirtualRouter
User DataVirtualRouter
Source NATVirtualRouter
Static NATOVS
Post ForwardingOVS
Load BalancingOVS
Virtual NetworkingOVS

Table: Isolated network offering with network services

Using the OVS plugin with VPC

OVS plugin does not work with VPC at that time

DPDK Support

Since version 4.12 it is possible to enable DPDK support on CloudStack along with the OVS plugin.

Agent configuration

  • Edit /etc/cloudstack/agent/agent.properties to enable DPDK support on the agent and on ovs-vstcl commands for port creations as well as the path to OVS ports (usually: /var/run/openvswitch)

    1. openvswitch.dpdk.enabled=true
    2. openvswitch.dpdk.ovs.path=OVS_PATH

Agent should be restarted for actions to take effect.

When the host agent connects to the management server, it sends the list of hosts capabilities. When DPDK support is enabled on the host, the capability with name ‘dpdk’ is sent to the management server. The list of host capabilities are persisted on the ‘capabilities’ column on ‘hosts’ table, and can be retrieved by the ‘listHosts’ API method:

  1. list hosts id=HOST_ID filter=capabilities

Additional VM configurations

In order to enable DPDK on VM deployments, users should pass addition configuration to VMs. The required configurations are listed on the next section. Administrators can allow users to pass additional configurations to their VMs by the account scoped setting:

  1. enable.additional.vm.configuration

Users are able to pass extra configurations as part of the ‘deployVirtualMachine’ or ‘updateVirtualMachine’ API methods. These extra configurations are included on the resulting XML domain of the virtual machine and are also persisted on CloudStack database as details on the ‘user_vm_details’ table.

The ‘deployVirtualMachine’ and ‘updateVirtualMachine’ API methods accept a URL UTF-8 string encoded parameter ‘extraconfig’.

Parameter is decoded following these rules:

  • There could be multiple XML sections, separated by a new line
  • Each section can be named, setting a title ending on ‘:’ at the first line
  • Double quotes instead of single quotes should be used
  • Configurations are persisted as VM details, with the key: ‘extraconfig-TITLE’ or ‘extraconfig-N’ where N is a number.

Example:

In order to pass the below extra configuration to the VM, named ‘config-1’

  1. config-1:
  2. <tag>
  3.    <inner-tag>VALUE</inner-tag>
  4. </tag>

The ‘extraconfig’ parameter should receive the UTF-8 URL encoded string:

  1. config-1%3A%0A%3Ctag%3E%0A%20%20%20%3Cinner-tag%3EVALUE%3C%2Finner-tag%3E%0A%3C%2Ftag%3E

On ‘user_vm_details’ table the additional configuration is persisted with key: ‘extraconfig-config-1’

Additional configurations to enable DPDK on VMs

To enable DPDK on VM deployments:

  • Set the global configuration to ‘true’ (as global setting or account setting)

    1. enable.additional.vm.configuration

  • Generate the UTF-8 URL encoded additional configuration to enable huge pages and NUMA, examples below:

    1. dpdk-hugepages:
    2. <memoryBacking>
    3.    <hugepages>
    4.    </hugepages>
    5. </memoryBacking>
    7. dpdk-numa:
    8. <cpu mode="host-passthrough">
    9.    <numa>
    10.       <cell id="0" cpus="0" memory="9437184" unit="KiB" memAccess="shared"/>
    11.    </numa>
    12. </cpu>

  • Pass the ‘extraconfig’ parameter to ‘deployVirtualMachine’ or ‘updateVirtualMachine’ API methods as a single UTF-8 URL encoded string containing multiple extra configurations (as shown above). Note: if multiple extra configurations are needed, follow the example above and add new sections separated by an empty line, encode the whole string and pass it as a single string to the APIs as ‘extraconfig’ parameter.

    1. deployVirtualMachine extraconfig=dpdk-hugepages%3A%0A%3CmemoryBacking%3E%0A%20%20%20%3Chugepages%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fhugepages%3E%0A%3C%2FmemoryBacking%3E%0A%0Adpdk-numa%3A%0A%3Ccpu%20mode%3D%22host-passthrough%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%3Cnuma%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ccell%20id%3D%220%22%20cpus%3D%220%22%20memory%3D%229437184%22%20unit%3D%22KiB%22%20memAccess%3D%22shared%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%3C%2Fnuma%3E%0A%3C%2Fcpu%3E%0A

  • Additionally, users can pass extra configuration named ‘dpdk-interface-TAG’ to be included on VMs interfaces definition. Example below:

    1. dpdk-interface-model:
    2. <model type='virtio'/>

DPDK vHost User mode selection

The vHost user mode describes a client/server model between Openvswitch along with DPDK and QEMU, in which one acts as client while the other as server. The server creates and manages the vHost user sockets and the client connects to the sockets created by the server:

  • DPDK vHost user server mode:

    • Is the default configuration.
    • OVS with DPDK acts as the server, while QEMU acts as the client.
    • The port types used are: dpdkvhostuser

  • DPDK vHost user client mode:

    • OVS with DPDK acts as the client and QEMU acts as the server.
    • If Openvswitch is restarted then the sockets can reconnect to the existing sockets on the server, and normal connectivity can be resumed.
    • The port types used are: dpdkvhostuserclient

Applying additional configurations via service offerings

It is possible to avoid passing additional configuration on each VM deployment, but setting these configurations on a service offering, and those are passed to the VM.

  • To create a service offering with additional configurations, pass each key/value pair as service offering details on service offering creation, with keys starting with the “extraconfig” keyword, and each value an URL UTF-8 encoded string.
  • Additional configurations are stored as service offering details

For example, applying DPDK additional configurations via service offering:

  1. create serviceoffering name=<NAME> displaytext=<NAME> serviceofferingdetails[0].key=extraconfig-dpdk-hugepages serviceofferingdetails[0].value=%3CmemoryBacking%3E%20%3Chugepages%2F%3E%20%3C%2FmemoryBacking%3E serviceofferingdetails[1].key=extraconfig-dpdk-numa serviceofferingdetails[1].value=%3Ccpu%20mode%3D%22host-passthrough%22%3E%20%3Cnuma%3E%20%3Ccell%20id%3D%220%22%20cpus%3D%220%22%20memory%3D%229437184%22%20unit%3D%22KiB%22%20memAccess%3D%22shared%22%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fnuma%3E%20%3C%2Fcpu%3E

The preferred DPDK vHost User Mode must be passed as a service offering detail, with special key name: “DPDK-VHOSTUSER”. Possible values are: “client” or “server”. The following table illustrates the expected behaviour on DPDK ports and VM guest interfaces.

By default, the server mode is assumed if it is not passed as a service offering detail.

DPDK vHost User ModeOVS port creation typeVM guest interface mode
serverdpdkvhostuserclient
clientdpdkvhostuserclientserver
  1. create serviceoffering name=<NAME> displaytext=<NAME> serviceofferingdetails[0].key=DPDK-VHOSTUSER serviceofferingdetails[0].value=client serviceofferingdetails[1].key=extraconfig-dpdk-hugepages serviceofferingdetails[1].value=%3CmemoryBacking%3E%20%3Chugepages%2F%3E%20%3C%2FmemoryBacking%3E serviceofferingdetails[2].key=extraconfig-dpdk-numa serviceofferingdetails[2].value=%3Ccpu%20mode%3D%22host-passthrough%22%3E%20%3Cnuma%3E%20%3Ccell%20id%3D%220%22%20cpus%3D%220%22%20memory%3D%229437184%22%20unit%3D%22KiB%22%20memAccess%3D%22shared%22%2F%3E%20%3C%2Fnuma%3E%20%3C%2Fcpu%3E

DPDK VMs live migrations

It is possible to perform live migrations of DPDK enabled VMs since CloudStack version 4.13. DPDK enabled VMs can be migrated between hosts in the same cluster which are both DPDK enabled.

CloudStack determinates that a VM is a DPDK enabled VM when the following conditions are met:

  • The VM is a user VM
  • The VM state is Running
  • The host in which the VM is running is a DPDK enabled host (i.e. host contains the ‘dpdk’ capability as part of its capabilities. Check Agent configuration for DPDK support.)

  • The VM acquires the DPDK required configurations via VM details or service offering details. DPDK required additional configurations are additional configurations with name:

    • ‘extraconfig-dpdk-numa’
    • ‘extraconfig-dpdk-hugepages’

DPDK enabled VMs can only be migrated between DPDK enabled hosts. Therefore the ‘findHostsForMigration’ API method excludes non-DPDK enabled hosts from the list of suitable hosts to migrate DPDK enabled VMs.

DPDK ports

When VM is created or started, CloudStack creates ports with DPDK support with format: “csdpdk-N” where N is a number, incremented on new ports creation. This port is set into the ‘source’ property of the ‘interface’ tag on the XML domain of the VM, prepended by the value of the OVS path set on the property:

  1. openvswitch.dpdk.ovs.path=OVS_PATH

That would set interfaces to type ‘vhostuser’ and reference the ports created in the XML domain of the VMs as:

  1. <interface type='vhostuser'>
  2.    <source type="unix" path="<OVS_PATH>/<port_name>" .../>
  3.    ...
  4. </interface>

Note that the OVS_PATH property is required, as explained on Agent configuration for DPDK support. For example, when OVS_PATH is set to the default path for Openvswitch (/var/run/openvswitch), interfaces will reference created ports on: /var/run/openvswitch/<port_name>

Revision History

0-0 Mon Dec 2 2013 Nguyen Anh Tu tuna@apache.org Documentation created for 4.3.0 version of the OVS Plugin