Functions for Working with IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses

IPv4NumToString(num)

Takes a UInt32 number. Interprets it as an IPv4 address in big endian. Returns a string containing the corresponding IPv4 address in the format A.B.C.d (dot-separated numbers in decimal form).

Alias: INET_NTOA.

IPv4StringToNum(s)

The reverse function of IPv4NumToString. If the IPv4 address has an invalid format, it returns 0.

Alias: INET_ATON.

IPv4NumToStringClassC(num)

Similar to IPv4NumToString, but using xxx instead of the last octet.

Example:

  1. SELECT
  2.     IPv4NumToStringClassC(ClientIP) AS k,
  3.     count() AS c
  4. FROM test.hits
  5. GROUP BY k
  6. ORDER BY c DESC
  7. LIMIT 10
  1. ┌─k──────────────┬─────c─┐
  2. │ 83.149.9.xxx   │ 26238 │
  3. │ 217.118.81.xxx │ 26074 │
  4. │ 213.87.129.xxx │ 25481 │
  5. │ 83.149.8.xxx   │ 24984 │
  6. │ 217.118.83.xxx │ 22797 │
  7. │ 78.25.120.xxx  │ 22354 │
  8. │ 213.87.131.xxx │ 21285 │
  9. │ 78.25.121.xxx  │ 20887 │
  10. │ 188.162.65.xxx │ 19694 │
  11. │ 83.149.48.xxx  │ 17406 │
  12. └────────────────┴───────┘

Since using ‘xxx’ is highly unusual, this may be changed in the future. We recommend that you don’t rely on the exact format of this fragment.

IPv6NumToString(x)

Accepts a FixedString(16) value containing the IPv6 address in binary format. Returns a string containing this address in text format.
IPv6-mapped IPv4 addresses are output in the format ::ffff:111.222.33.44.

Alias: INET6_NTOA.

Examples:

  1. SELECT IPv6NumToString(toFixedString(unhex('2A0206B8000000000000000000000011'), 16)) AS addr
  1. ┌─addr─────────┐
  2. │ 2a02:6b8::11 │
  3. └──────────────┘
  1. SELECT
  2.     IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6 AS k),
  3.     count() AS c
  4. FROM hits_all
  5. WHERE EventDate = today() AND substring(ClientIP6, 1, 12) != unhex('00000000000000000000FFFF')
  6. GROUP BY k
  7. ORDER BY c DESC
  8. LIMIT 10
  1. ┌─IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6)──────────────┬─────c─┐
  2. │ 2a02:2168:aaa:bbbb::2                   │ 24695 │
  3. │ 2a02:2698:abcd:abcd:abcd:abcd:8888:5555 │ 22408 │
  4. │ 2a02:6b8:0:fff::ff                      │ 16389 │
  5. │ 2a01:4f8:111:6666::2                    │ 16016 │
  6. │ 2a02:2168:888:222::1                    │ 15896 │
  7. │ 2a01:7e00::ffff:ffff:ffff:222           │ 14774 │
  8. │ 2a02:8109:eee:ee:eeee:eeee:eeee:eeee    │ 14443 │
  9. │ 2a02:810b:8888:888:8888:8888:8888:8888  │ 14345 │
  10. │ 2a02:6b8:0:444:4444:4444:4444:4444      │ 14279 │
  11. │ 2a01:7e00::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff          │ 13880 │
  12. └─────────────────────────────────────────┴───────┘
  1. SELECT
  2.     IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6 AS k),
  3.     count() AS c
  4. FROM hits_all
  5. WHERE EventDate = today()
  6. GROUP BY k
  7. ORDER BY c DESC
  8. LIMIT 10
  1. ┌─IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6)─┬──────c─┐
  2. │ ::ffff:94.26.111.111       │ 747440 │
  3. │ ::ffff:37.143.222.4        │ 529483 │
  4. │ ::ffff:5.166.111.99        │ 317707 │
  5. │ ::ffff:46.38.11.77         │ 263086 │
  6. │ ::ffff:79.105.111.111      │ 186611 │
  7. │ ::ffff:93.92.111.88        │ 176773 │
  8. │ ::ffff:84.53.111.33        │ 158709 │
  9. │ ::ffff:217.118.11.22       │ 154004 │
  10. │ ::ffff:217.118.11.33       │ 148449 │
  11. │ ::ffff:217.118.11.44       │ 148243 │
  12. └────────────────────────────┴────────┘

IPv6StringToNum

The reverse function of IPv6NumToString. If the IPv6 address has an invalid format, it returns a string of null bytes.

If the input string contains a valid IPv4 address, returns its IPv6 equivalent.
HEX can be uppercase or lowercase.

Alias: INET6_ATON.

Syntax

  1. IPv6StringToNum(string)

Argument

  • string — IP address. String.

Returned value

  • IPv6 address in binary format.

Type: FixedString(16).

Example

Query:

  1. SELECT addr, cutIPv6(IPv6StringToNum(addr), 0, 0) FROM (SELECT ['notaddress', '127.0.0.1', '1111::ffff'] AS addr) ARRAY JOIN addr;

Result:

  1. ┌─addr───────┬─cutIPv6(IPv6StringToNum(addr), 0, 0)─┐
  2. │ notaddress │ ::                                   │
  3. │ 127.0.0.1  │ ::ffff:127.0.0.1                     │
  4. │ 1111::ffff │ 1111::ffff                           │
  5. └────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────┘

See also

IPv4ToIPv6(x)

Takes a UInt32 number. Interprets it as an IPv4 address in big endian. Returns a FixedString(16) value containing the IPv6 address in binary format. Examples:

  1. SELECT IPv6NumToString(IPv4ToIPv6(IPv4StringToNum('192.168.0.1'))) AS addr
  1. ┌─addr───────────────┐
  2. │ ::ffff:192.168.0.1 │
  3. └────────────────────┘

cutIPv6(x, bytesToCutForIPv6, bytesToCutForIPv4)

Accepts a FixedString(16) value containing the IPv6 address in binary format. Returns a string containing the address of the specified number of bytes removed in text format. For example:

  1. WITH
  2.     IPv6StringToNum('2001:0DB8:AC10:FE01:FEED:BABE:CAFE:F00D') AS ipv6,
  3.     IPv4ToIPv6(IPv4StringToNum('192.168.0.1')) AS ipv4
  4. SELECT
  5.     cutIPv6(ipv6, 2, 0),
  6.     cutIPv6(ipv4, 0, 2)
  1. ┌─cutIPv6(ipv6, 2, 0)─────────────────┬─cutIPv6(ipv4, 0, 2)─┐
  2. │ 2001:db8:ac10:fe01:feed:babe:cafe:0 │ ::ffff:192.168.0.0  │
  3. └─────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘

IPv4CIDRToRange(ipv4, Cidr),

Accepts an IPv4 and an UInt8 value containing the CIDR. Return a tuple with two IPv4 containing the lower range and the higher range of the subnet.

  1. SELECT IPv4CIDRToRange(toIPv4('192.168.5.2'), 16)
  1. ┌─IPv4CIDRToRange(toIPv4('192.168.5.2'), 16)─┐
  2. │ ('192.168.0.0','192.168.255.255')          │
  3. └────────────────────────────────────────────┘

IPv6CIDRToRange(ipv6, Cidr),

Accepts an IPv6 and an UInt8 value containing the CIDR. Return a tuple with two IPv6 containing the lower range and the higher range of the subnet.

  1. SELECT IPv6CIDRToRange(toIPv6('2001:0db8:0000:85a3:0000:0000:ac1f:8001'), 32);
  1. ┌─IPv6CIDRToRange(toIPv6('2001:0db8:0000:85a3:0000:0000:ac1f:8001'), 32)─┐
  2. │ ('2001:db8::','2001:db8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff')                │
  3. └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

toIPv4(string)

An alias to IPv4StringToNum() that takes a string form of IPv4 address and returns value of IPv4 type, which is binary equal to value returned by IPv4StringToNum().

  1. WITH
  2.     '171.225.130.45' as IPv4_string
  3. SELECT
  4.     toTypeName(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string)),
  5.     toTypeName(toIPv4(IPv4_string))
  1. ┌─toTypeName(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string))─┬─toTypeName(toIPv4(IPv4_string))─┐
  2. │ UInt32                                   │ IPv4                            │
  3. └──────────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────┘
  1. WITH
  2.     '171.225.130.45' as IPv4_string
  3. SELECT
  4.     hex(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string)),
  5.     hex(toIPv4(IPv4_string))
  1. ┌─hex(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string))─┬─hex(toIPv4(IPv4_string))─┐
  2. │ ABE1822D                          │ ABE1822D                 │
  3. └───────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘

toIPv6

Converts a string form of IPv6 address to IPv6 type. If the IPv6 address has an invalid format, returns an empty value.
Similar to IPv6StringToNum function, which converts IPv6 address to binary format.

If the input string contains a valid IPv4 address, then the IPv6 equivalent of the IPv4 address is returned.

Syntax

  1. toIPv6(string)

Argument

  • string — IP address. String

Returned value

  • IP address.

Type: IPv6.

Examples

Query:

  1. WITH '2001:438:ffff::407d:1bc1' AS IPv6_string
  2. SELECT
  3.     hex(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string)),
  4.     hex(toIPv6(IPv6_string));

Result:

  1. ┌─hex(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string))─┬─hex(toIPv6(IPv6_string))─────────┐
  2. │ 20010438FFFF000000000000407D1BC1  │ 20010438FFFF000000000000407D1BC1 │
  3. └───────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┘

Query:

  1. SELECT toIPv6('127.0.0.1');

Result:

  1. ┌─toIPv6('127.0.0.1')─┐
  2. │ ::ffff:127.0.0.1    │
  3. └─────────────────────┘

isIPv4String

Determines whether the input string is an IPv4 address or not. If string is IPv6 address returns 0.

Syntax

  1. isIPv4String(string)

Arguments

  • string — IP address. String.

Returned value

  • 1 if string is IPv4 address, 0 otherwise.

Type: UInt8.

Examples

Query:

  1. SELECT addr, isIPv4String(addr) FROM ( SELECT ['0.0.0.0', '127.0.0.1', '::ffff:127.0.0.1'] AS addr ) ARRAY JOIN addr

Result:

  1. ┌─addr─────────────┬─isIPv4String(addr)─┐
  2. │ 0.0.0.0          │                  1 │
  3. │ 127.0.0.1        │                  1 │
  4. │ ::ffff:127.0.0.1 │                  0 │
  5. └──────────────────┴────────────────────┘

isIPv6String

Determines whether the input string is an IPv6 address or not. If string is IPv4 address returns 0.

Syntax

  1. isIPv6String(string)

Arguments

  • string — IP address. String.

Returned value

  • 1 if string is IPv6 address, 0 otherwise.

Type: UInt8.

Examples

Query:

  1. SELECT addr, isIPv6String(addr) FROM ( SELECT ['::', '1111::ffff', '::ffff:127.0.0.1', '127.0.0.1'] AS addr ) ARRAY JOIN addr

Result:

  1. ┌─addr─────────────┬─isIPv6String(addr)─┐
  2. │ ::               │                  1 │
  3. │ 1111::ffff       │                  1 │
  4. │ ::ffff:127.0.0.1 │                  1 │
  5. │ 127.0.0.1        │                  0 │
  6. └──────────────────┴────────────────────┘

Original article