Functions for working with IP addresses

IPv4NumToString(num)

Takes a UInt32 number. Interprets it as an IPv4 address in big endian. Returns a string containing the corresponding IPv4 address in the format A.B.C.d (dot-separated numbers in decimal form).

IPv4StringToNum(s)

The reverse function of IPv4NumToString. If the IPv4 address has an invalid format, it returns 0.

IPv4NumToStringClassC(num)

Similar to IPv4NumToString, but using xxx instead of the last octet.

Example:

  1. SELECT
  2.     IPv4NumToStringClassC(ClientIP) AS k,
  3.     count() AS c
  4. FROM test.hits
  5. GROUP BY k
  6. ORDER BY c DESC
  7. LIMIT 10
  1. ┌─k──────────────┬─────c─┐
  2. │ 83.149.9.xxx   │ 26238 │
  3. │ 217.118.81.xxx │ 26074 │
  4. │ 213.87.129.xxx │ 25481 │
  5. │ 83.149.8.xxx   │ 24984 │
  6. │ 217.118.83.xxx │ 22797 │
  7. │ 78.25.120.xxx  │ 22354 │
  8. │ 213.87.131.xxx │ 21285 │
  9. │ 78.25.121.xxx  │ 20887 │
  10. │ 188.162.65.xxx │ 19694 │
  11. │ 83.149.48.xxx  │ 17406 │
  12. └────────────────┴───────┘

Since using ‘xxx’ is highly unusual, this may be changed in the future. We recommend that you don’t rely on the exact format of this fragment.

IPv6NumToString(x)

Accepts a FixedString(16) value containing the IPv6 address in binary format. Returns a string containing this address in text format.
IPv6-mapped IPv4 addresses are output in the format ::ffff:111.222.33.44. Examples:

  1. SELECT IPv6NumToString(toFixedString(unhex('2A0206B8000000000000000000000011'), 16)) AS addr
  1. ┌─addr─────────┐
  2. │ 2a02:6b8::11 │
  3. └──────────────┘
  1. SELECT
  2.     IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6 AS k),
  3.     count() AS c
  4. FROM hits_all
  5. WHERE EventDate = today() AND substring(ClientIP6, 1, 12) != unhex('00000000000000000000FFFF')
  6. GROUP BY k
  7. ORDER BY c DESC
  8. LIMIT 10
  1. ┌─IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6)──────────────┬─────c─┐
  2. │ 2a02:2168:aaa:bbbb::2                   │ 24695 │
  3. │ 2a02:2698:abcd:abcd:abcd:abcd:8888:5555 │ 22408 │
  4. │ 2a02:6b8:0:fff::ff                      │ 16389 │
  5. │ 2a01:4f8:111:6666::2                    │ 16016 │
  6. │ 2a02:2168:888:222::1                    │ 15896 │
  7. │ 2a01:7e00::ffff:ffff:ffff:222           │ 14774 │
  8. │ 2a02:8109:eee:ee:eeee:eeee:eeee:eeee    │ 14443 │
  9. │ 2a02:810b:8888:888:8888:8888:8888:8888  │ 14345 │
  10. │ 2a02:6b8:0:444:4444:4444:4444:4444      │ 14279 │
  11. │ 2a01:7e00::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff          │ 13880 │
  12. └─────────────────────────────────────────┴───────┘
  1. SELECT
  2.     IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6 AS k),
  3.     count() AS c
  4. FROM hits_all
  5. WHERE EventDate = today()
  6. GROUP BY k
  7. ORDER BY c DESC
  8. LIMIT 10
  1. ┌─IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6)─┬──────c─┐
  2. │ ::ffff:94.26.111.111       │ 747440 │
  3. │ ::ffff:37.143.222.4        │ 529483 │
  4. │ ::ffff:5.166.111.99        │ 317707 │
  5. │ ::ffff:46.38.11.77         │ 263086 │
  6. │ ::ffff:79.105.111.111      │ 186611 │
  7. │ ::ffff:93.92.111.88        │ 176773 │
  8. │ ::ffff:84.53.111.33        │ 158709 │
  9. │ ::ffff:217.118.11.22       │ 154004 │
  10. │ ::ffff:217.118.11.33       │ 148449 │
  11. │ ::ffff:217.118.11.44       │ 148243 │
  12. └────────────────────────────┴────────┘

IPv6StringToNum(s)

The reverse function of IPv6NumToString. If the IPv6 address has an invalid format, it returns a string of null bytes.
HEX can be uppercase or lowercase.

IPv4ToIPv6(x)

Takes a UInt32 number. Interprets it as an IPv4 address in big endian. Returns a FixedString(16) value containing the IPv6 address in binary format. Examples:

  1. SELECT IPv6NumToString(IPv4ToIPv6(IPv4StringToNum('192.168.0.1'))) AS addr
  1. ┌─addr───────────────┐
  2. │ ::ffff:192.168.0.1 │
  3. └────────────────────┘

cutIPv6(x, bitsToCutForIPv6, bitsToCutForIPv4)

Accepts a FixedString(16) value containing the IPv6 address in binary format. Returns a string containing the address of the specified number of bits removed in text format. For example:

  1. WITH
  2.     IPv6StringToNum('2001:0DB8:AC10:FE01:FEED:BABE:CAFE:F00D') AS ipv6,
  3.     IPv4ToIPv6(IPv4StringToNum('192.168.0.1')) AS ipv4
  4. SELECT
  5.     cutIPv6(ipv6, 2, 0),
  6.     cutIPv6(ipv4, 0, 2)
  1. ┌─cutIPv6(ipv6, 2, 0)─────────────────┬─cutIPv6(ipv4, 0, 2)─┐
  2. │ 2001:db8:ac10:fe01:feed:babe:cafe:0 │ ::ffff:192.168.0.0  │
  3. └─────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘

IPv4CIDRToRange(ipv4, cidr),

Accepts an IPv4 and an UInt8 value containing the CIDR. Return a tuple with two IPv4 containing the lower range and the higher range of the subnet.

  1. SELECT IPv4CIDRToRange(toIPv4('192.168.5.2'), 16)
  1. ┌─IPv4CIDRToRange(toIPv4('192.168.5.2'), 16)─┐
  2. │ ('192.168.0.0','192.168.255.255')          │
  3. └────────────────────────────────────────────┘

IPv6CIDRToRange(ipv6, cidr),

Accepts an IPv6 and an UInt8 value containing the CIDR. Return a tuple with two IPv6 containing the lower range and the higher range of the subnet.

  1. SELECT IPv6CIDRToRange(toIPv6('2001:0db8:0000:85a3:0000:0000:ac1f:8001'), 32);
  1. ┌─IPv6CIDRToRange(toIPv6('2001:0db8:0000:85a3:0000:0000:ac1f:8001'), 32)─┐
  2. │ ('2001:db8::','2001:db8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff')                │
  3. └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

toIPv4(string)

An alias to IPv4StringToNum() that takes a string form of IPv4 address and returns value of IPv4 type, which is binary equal to value returned by IPv4StringToNum().

  1. WITH
  2.     '171.225.130.45' as IPv4_string
  3. SELECT
  4.     toTypeName(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string)),
  5.     toTypeName(toIPv4(IPv4_string))
  1. ┌─toTypeName(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string))─┬─toTypeName(toIPv4(IPv4_string))─┐
  2. │ UInt32                                   │ IPv4                            │
  3. └──────────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────┘
  1. WITH
  2.     '171.225.130.45' as IPv4_string
  3. SELECT
  4.     hex(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string)),
  5.     hex(toIPv4(IPv4_string))
  1. ┌─hex(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string))─┬─hex(toIPv4(IPv4_string))─┐
  2. │ ABE1822D                          │ ABE1822D                 │
  3. └───────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘

toIPv6(string)

An alias to IPv6StringToNum() that takes a string form of IPv6 address and returns value of IPv6 type, which is binary equal to value returned by IPv6StringToNum().

  1. WITH
  2.     '2001:438:ffff::407d:1bc1' as IPv6_string
  3. SELECT
  4.     toTypeName(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string)),
  5.     toTypeName(toIPv6(IPv6_string))
  1. ┌─toTypeName(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string))─┬─toTypeName(toIPv6(IPv6_string))─┐
  2. │ FixedString(16)                          │ IPv6                            │
  3. └──────────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────┘
  1. WITH
  2.     '2001:438:ffff::407d:1bc1' as IPv6_string
  3. SELECT
  4.     hex(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string)),
  5.     hex(toIPv6(IPv6_string))
  1. ┌─hex(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string))─┬─hex(toIPv6(IPv6_string))─────────┐
  2. │ 20010438FFFF000000000000407D1BC1  │ 20010438FFFF000000000000407D1BC1 │
  3. └───────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┘