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Physics ‣ Fluid ‣ Diffusion

Liquid diffusion defines the physical properties of a liquid and in turn define how a liquid interacts with its environment. The main factors of diffusion are the Viscosity and Surface Tension. These properties can be adjusted to create virtual liquids that behave like water, oil, honey, or any other liquid. A couple presets exist to change the diffusion for different substances are predefined and can be changed in the preset menu. Fluid Diffusion settings can be enabled/disabled in the panel header.

Viscosity

The viscosity refers to the “thickness” of the fluid and actually the force needed to move an object of a certain surface area through it at a certain speed.

For manual entry, please note that the normal real-world viscosity (the so-called dynamic viscosity) is measured in Pascal-seconds (Pa.s), or in Poise units (P, equal to 0.1 Pa.s), and commonly centiPoise units (cP, equal to 0.001 Pa.s).

Blender, on the other hand, uses the kinematic viscosity which is dynamic viscosity in Pa.s, divided by the density in kg.m-3, unit m2.s-1. So for example, the viscosity of water at room temperature is 1.002 cP, or 0.001002 Pa.s; the density of water is about 1000 kg.m-3, which gives a kinematic viscosity of 0.000001002 m2.s-1 — so the entry would be 1.002 times 10 to the minus six (1.002×10-6 in scientific notation).

The table below gives some examples of fluids together with their dynamic and kinematic viscosities.

Blender粘度单位换算。

流体

动力粘度(厘泊)

Kinematic viscosity (Blender, in m2.s-1)

Water (20 °C)

1.002×100 (1.002)

1.002×10-6 (0.000001002)

油SAE 50

5.0×102 (500)

5.0×10-5 (0.00005)

Honey (20 °C)

1.0×104 (10,000)

2.0×10-3 (0.002)

巧克力酱

3.0×104 (30,000)

3.0×10-3 (0.003)

番茄酱

1.0×105 (100,000)

1.0×10-1 (0.1)

熔融玻璃

1.0×1015

1.0×100 (1.0)

To simplify the input of these numbers, the viscosity is changed by entering values in scientific notation by entering a base value and the exponent of that number.

  • Base

    The base of the viscosity value (e.g. 1.002 in the case of water (20 °C)).

  • Exponent

    The exponent of the viscosity value that will be multiplied by 10-6 (e.g. 6 in the case of water (20 °C)).

Note

Viscosity Varies

The default values in Blender are considered typical for those types of fluids and “look right” when animated. However, actual viscosity of some fluids, especially sugar-laden fluids like chocolate syrup and honey, depend highly on temperature and concentration. Oil viscosity varies by SAE rating. Glass at room temperature is basically a solid, but glass at 1500 °C flows (nearly) like water.

Warning

The simulator is not suitable for non-fluids, such as materials that do not “flow”. Simply setting the viscosity to very large values will not result in rigid body behavior, but might cause instabilities.

表面张力

Surface tension in grid units. Higher value will produce liquids with greater surface tension.