Running Presto with Alluxio

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Presto is an open source distributed SQL query engine for running interactive analytic queries on data at a large scale. This guide describes how to run queries against Presto with Alluxio as a distributed caching layer, for any data storage systems that Alluxio supports (AWS S3, HDFS, Azure Blob Store, NFS, and more). Alluxio allows Presto access data regardless of the data source and transparently cache frequently accessed data (e.g., tables commonly used) into Alluxio distributed storage. Co-locating Alluxio workers with Presto workers improves data locality and reduces the I/O access latency when other storage systems are remote or the network is slow or congested.

Using Presto with the Alluxio Catalog Service

Currently, there are 2 ways to enable Presto to interact with Alluxio:

  • Presto interacts with the Alluxio Catalog Service
  • Presto interacts directly with the Hive Metastore (with table definitions updated to use Alluxio paths)

The primary benefits for using Presto with the Alluxio Catalog Service are

  • Simpler deployments of Alluxio with Presto (no modifications to the Hive Metastore)
  • Enabling schema-aware optimizations (transformations like coalescing and file conversions).

Currently, the catalog service is limited to read-only workloads.

For more details and instructions on how to use the Alluxio Catalog Service with Presto, please visit the Alluxio Catalog Service documentation.

The rest of this page discusses the alternative approach of Presto directly interacting with the Hive Metastore, while IO access is performed through Alluxio.

Prerequisites

  • Setup Java for Java 8 Update 161 or higher (8u161+), 64-bit.
  • Deploy Presto. This guide is tested with PrestoDB 0.247.
  • Alluxio has been set up and is running.
  • Make sure that the Alluxio client jar is available. This Alluxio client jar file can be found at /<PATH_TO_ALLUXIO>/client/alluxio-2.5.0-client.jar in the tarball downloaded from Alluxio download page.
  • Make sure that Hive Metastore is running to serve metadata information of Hive tables.

Basic Setup

Configure Presto to connect to Hive Metastore

Presto gets the database and table metadata information (including file system locations) from the Hive Metastore, via Presto’s Hive connector. Here is a example Presto configuration file ${PRESTO_HOME}/etc/catalog/hive.properties, for a catalog using the Hive connector, where the metastore is located on localhost.

  1. connector.name=hive-hadoop2
  2. hive.metastore.uri=thrift://localhost:9083

Distribute the Alluxio client jar to all Presto servers

In order for Presto to be able to communicate with the Alluxio servers, the Alluxio client jar must be in the classpath of Presto servers. Put the Alluxio client jar /<PATH_TO_ALLUXIO>/client/alluxio-2.5.0-client.jar into the directory ${PRESTO_HOME}/plugin/hive-hadoop2/ (this directory may differ across versions) on all Presto servers. Restart the Presto workers and coordinator:

  1. $ ${PRESTO_HOME}/bin/launcher restart

After completing the basic configuration, Presto should be able to access data in Alluxio. To configure more advanced features for Presto (e.g., connect to Alluxio with HA), please follow the instructions at Advanced Setup.

Examples: Use Presto to Query Tables on Alluxio

Start Hive Metastore

Ensure your Hive Metastore service is running. Hive Metastore listens on port 9083 by default. If it is not running, execute the following command to start the metastore:

  1. $ ${HIVE_HOME}/bin/hive --service metastore

Create a Hive table on Alluxio

Here is an example to create an internal table in Hive backed by files in Alluxio. You can download a data file (e.g., ml-100k.zip) from http://grouplens.org/datasets/movielens/. Unzip this file and upload the file u.user into /ml-100k/ in Alluxio:

  1. $ ./bin/alluxio fs mkdir /ml-100k
  2. $ ./bin/alluxio fs copyFromLocal /path/to/ml-100k/u.user alluxio:///ml-100k

Create an external Hive table pointing to the Alluxio file location.

  1. hive> CREATE TABLE u_user (
  2.   userid INT,
  3.   age INT,
  4.   gender CHAR(1),
  5.   occupation STRING,
  6.   zipcode STRING)
  7. ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
  8. FIELDS TERMINATED BY '|'
  9. STORED AS TEXTFILE
  10. LOCATION 'alluxio://master_hostname:port/ml-100k';

View the Alluxio WebUI at http://master_hostname:19999 and you can see the directory and files that Hive creates:

HiveTableInAlluxio

Start Presto server

Start your Presto server. Presto server runs on port 8080 by default (configurable with http-server.http.port in ${PRESTO_HOME}/etc/config.properties ):

  1. $ ${PRESTO_HOME}/bin/launcher run

Query tables using Presto

Follow Presto CLI instructions to download the presto-cli-<PRESTO_VERSION>-executable.jar, rename it to presto, and make it executable with chmod +x (sometimes the executable presto exists in ${PRESTO_HOME}/bin/presto and you can use it directly).

Run a single query (replace localhost:8080 with your actual Presto server hostname and port):

  1. $ ./presto --server localhost:8080 --execute "use default; select * from u_user limit 10;" \
  2.   --catalog hive --debug

And you can see the query results from console:

PrestoQueryResult

You can also find some of the Alluxio client log messages in the Presto Server log:

PrestoQueryLog

Advanced Setup

Customize Alluxio User Properties

To configure additional Alluxio properties, you can append the conf path (i.e. ${ALLUXIO_HOME}/conf) containing alluxio-site.properties to Presto’s JVM config at etc/jvm.config under Presto folder. The advantage of this approach is to have all the Alluxio properties set within the same file of alluxio-site.properties.

  1. ...
  2. -Xbootclasspath/a:<path-to-alluxio-conf>

Alternatively, add Alluxio properties to the Hadoop configuration files (core-site.xml, hdfs-site.xml), and use the Presto property hive.config.resources in the file ${PRESTO_HOME}/etc/catalog/hive.properties to point to the Hadoop resource locations for every Presto worker.

  1. hive.config.resources=/<PATH_TO_CONF>/core-site.xml,/<PATH_TO_CONF>/hdfs-site.xml

Example: connect to Alluxio with HA

If the Alluxio HA cluster uses internal leader election, set the Alluxio cluster property appropriately in the alluxio-site.properties file which is on the classpath.

  1. alluxio.master.rpc.addresses=master_hostname_1:19998,master_hostname_2:19998,master_hostname_3:19998

Alternatively you can add the property to the Hadoop core-site.xml configuration which is contained by hive.config.resources.

  1. <configuration>
  2.   <property>
  3.     <name>alluxio.master.rpc.addresses</name>
  4.     <value>master_hostname_1:19998,master_hostname_2:19998,master_hostname_3:19998</value>
  5.   </property>
  6. </configuration>

For information about how to connect to Alluxio HA cluster using Zookeeper-based leader election, please refer to HA mode client configuration parameters.

Example: change default Alluxio write type

For example, change alluxio.user.file.writetype.default from default ASYNC_THROUGH to CACHE_THROUGH.

Specify the property in alluxio-site.properties and distribute this file to the classpath of each Presto node:

  1. alluxio.user.file.writetype.default=CACHE_THROUGH

Alternatively, modify conf/hive-site.xml to include:

  1. <property>
  2.   <name>alluxio.user.file.writetype.default</name>
  3.   <value>CACHE_THROUGH</value>
  4. </property>

Increase parallelism

Presto’s Hive connector uses the config hive.max-split-size to control the parallelism of the query. For Alluxio 1.6 or earlier, it is recommended to set this size no less than Alluxio’s block size to avoid the read contention within the same block. For later Alluxio versions, this is no longer an issue because of Alluxio’s async caching abilities.

Avoid Presto timeouts when reading large files

It is recommended to increase alluxio.user.streaming.data.timeout to a bigger value (e.g 10min) to avoid a timeout failure when reading large files from remote workers.

Troubleshooting

Error message “No FileSystem for scheme: alluxio” on queries

When you see error messages like the following, it is likely that Alluxio client jar is not on the classpath of the Presto worker. Please follow instructions to fix this issue.

  1. Query 20180907_063430_00001_cm7xe failed: No FileSystem for scheme: alluxio
  2. com.facebook.presto.spi.PrestoException: No FileSystem for scheme: alluxio
  3.     at com.facebook.presto.hive.BackgroundHiveSplitLoader$HiveSplitLoaderTask.process(BackgroundHiveSplitLoader.java:189)
  4.     at com.facebook.presto.hive.util.ResumableTasks.safeProcessTask(ResumableTasks.java:47)
  5.     at com.facebook.presto.hive.util.ResumableTasks.access$000(ResumableTasks.java:20)
  6.     at com.facebook.presto.hive.util.ResumableTasks$1.run(ResumableTasks.java:35)
  7.     at io.airlift.concurrent.BoundedExecutor.drainQueue(BoundedExecutor.java:78)
  8.     at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
  9.     at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
  10.     at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)