Using Core

Apache ActiveMQ Artemis core is a messaging system with its own API. We call this the core API.

If you don’t want to use the JMS API or any of the other supported protocols you can use the core API directly. The core API provides all the functionality of JMS but without much of the complexity. It also provides features that are not available using JMS.

Core Messaging Concepts

Some of the core messaging concepts are similar to JMS concepts, but core messaging concepts are also different in some ways as well. In general the core API is simpler than the JMS API, since we remove distinctions between queues, topics and subscriptions. We’ll discuss each of the major core messaging concepts in turn, but to see the API in detail please consult the Javadoc.

Also refer to the address model chapter for a high-level overview of these concepts as well as configuration details.

Message

  • A message is the unit of data which is sent between clients and servers.

  • A message has a body which is a buffer containing convenient methods for reading and writing data into it.

  • A message has a set of properties which are key-value pairs. Each property key is a string and property values can be of type integer, long, short, byte, byte[], String, double, float or boolean.

  • A message has an address it is being sent to. When the message arrives on the server it is routed to any queues that are bound to the address. The routing semantics (i.e. anycast or multicast) are determined by the “routing type” of the address and queue. If the queues are bound with any filter, the message will only be routed to that queue if the filter matches. An address may have many queues bound to it or even none. There may also be entities other than queues (e.g. diverts) bound to addresses.

  • Messages can be either durable or non durable. Durable messages in a durable queue will survive a server crash or restart. Non durable messages will never survive a server crash or restart.

  • Messages can be specified with a priority value between 0 and 9. 0 represents the lowest priority and 9 represents the highest. The broker will attempt to deliver higher priority messages before lower priority ones.

  • Messages can be specified with an optional expiry time. The broker will not deliver messages after its expiry time has been exceeded.

  • Messages also have an optional timestamp which represents the time the message was sent.

  • Apache ActiveMQ Artemis also supports the sending/consuming of very large messages much larger than can fit in available RAM at any one time.

Address

A server maintains a mapping between an address and a set of queues. Zero or more queues can be bound to a single address. Each queue can be bound with an optional message filter. When a message is routed, it is routed to the set of queues bound to the message’s address. If any of the queues are bound with a filter expression, then the message will only be routed to the subset of bound queues which match that filter expression.

Other entities, such as diverts can also be bound to an address and messages will also be routed there.

Note:

Although core supports publish-subscribe semantics there is no such thing as a “topic” per se. “Topic” is mainly a JMS term. In core we just deal with addresses, queues, and routing types.

For example, a JMS topic would be implemented by a single address to which many queues are bound using multicast routing. Each queue represents a “subscription” in normal “topic” terms. A JMS queue would be implemented as a single address to which one queue is bound using anycast routing - that queue represents the JMS queue.

Queue

Queues can be durable, meaning the messages they contain survive a server crash or restart, as long as the messages in them are durable. Non durable queues do not survive a server restart or crash even if the messages they contain are durable.

Queues can also be temporary, meaning they are automatically deleted when the client connection is closed, if they are not explicitly deleted before that.

Queues can be bound with an optional filter expression. If a filter expression is supplied then the server will only route messages that match that filter expression to any queues bound to the address.

Many queues can be bound to a single address. A particular queue is only bound to a maximum of one address.

Routing Type

The routing type determines the semantics used when routing messages to the queues bound to the address where the message was sent. Two types are supported:

  • ANYCAST

    The message is routed to only one of the queues bound to the address. If multiple queues are bound to the address then messages are routed to them in a round-robin fashion.

  • MULTICAST

    The message is route to all of the queues bound to the address.

Core API

ServerLocator

Clients use ServerLocator instances to create ClientSessionFactory instances. ServerLocator instances are used to locate servers and create connections to them.

In JMS terms think of a ServerLocator in the same way you would a JMS Connection Factory.

ServerLocator instances are created using the ActiveMQClient factory class.

ClientSessionFactory

Clients use ClientSessionFactory instances to create ClientSession instances. ClientSessionFactory instances are basically the connection to a server

In JMS terms think of them as JMS Connections.

ClientSessionFactory instances are created using the ServerLocator class.

ClientSession

A client uses a ClientSessionfor consuming and producing messages and for grouping them in transactions. ClientSession instances can support both transactional and non transactional semantics and also provide an XAResource interface so messaging operations can be performed as part of a JTA transaction.

ClientSession instances group ClientConsumer instances and ClientProducer instances.

ClientSession instances can be registered with an optional SendAcknowledgementHandler. This allows your client code to be notified asynchronously when sent messages have successfully reached the server. This unique Apache ActiveMQ Artemis feature, allows you to have full guarantees that sent messages have reached the server without having to block on each message sent until a response is received. Blocking on each messages sent is costly since it requires a network round trip for each message sent. By not blocking and receiving send acknowledgements asynchronously you can create true end to end asynchronous systems which is not possible using the standard JMS API. For more information on this advanced feature please see the section Guarantees of sends and commits.

Identifying your session for management and debugging

Assigning IDs to your core sessions can help you with monitoring and debugging the cluster using the management console.

  1.  ClientSession session;
  2.  // ...
  3.  session.addMetaData(ClientSession.JMS_SESSION_IDENTIFIER_PROPERTY, "jms-client-id");
  4.  session.addMetaData("jms-client-id", "my-session");

Such ID will then appear in the Client ID column under the Connections, Consumers and Producers tabs.

If you are using the JMS API, the setClientID would give you the same effect.

ClientConsumer

Clients use ClientConsumer instances to consume messages from a queue. Core messaging supports both synchronous and asynchronous message consumption semantics. ClientConsumer instances can be configured with an optional filter expression and will only consume messages which match that expression.

ClientProducer

Clients create ClientProducer instances on ClientSession instances so they can send messages. ClientProducer instances can specify an address to which all sent messages are routed, or they can have no specified address, and the address is specified at send time for the message.

Warning

Please note that ClientSession, ClientProducer and ClientConsumer instances are designed to be re-used.

It’s an anti-pattern to create new ClientSession, ClientProducer and ClientConsumer instances for each message you produce or consume. If you do this, your application will perform very poorly. This is discussed further in the section on performance tuning Performance Tuning.

A simple example of using Core

Here’s a very simple program using the core messaging API to send and receive a message. Logically it’s comprised of two sections: firstly setting up the producer to write a message to an address, and secondly, creating a queue for the consumer using anycast routing, creating the consumer, and starting it.

  1. ServerLocator locator = ActiveMQClient.createServerLocator("vm://0");
  3. // In this simple example, we just use one session for both producing and receiving
  5. ClientSessionFactory factory =  locator.createClientSessionFactory();
  6. ClientSession session = factory.createSession();
  8. // A producer is associated with an address ...
  10. ClientProducer producer = session.createProducer("example");
  11. ClientMessage message = session.createMessage(true);
  12. message.getBodyBuffer().writeString("Hello");
  14. // We need a queue attached to the address ...
  16. session.createQueue("example", RoutingType.ANYCAST, "example", true);
  18. // And a consumer attached to the queue ...
  20. ClientConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer("example");
  22. // Once we have a queue, we can send the message ...
  24. producer.send(message);
  26. // We need to start the session before we can -receive- messages ...
  28. session.start();
  29. ClientMessage msgReceived = consumer.receive();
  31. System.out.println("message = " + msgReceived.getBodyBuffer().readString());
  33. session.close();