简介
Sharding-JDBC直接封装JDBC API,可以理解为增强版的JDBC驱动,旧代码迁移成本几乎为零:
- 可适用于任何基于java的ORM框架,如:JPA, Hibernate, Mybatis, Spring JDBC Template或直接使用JDBC。
- 可基于任何第三方的数据库连接池,如:DBCP, C3P0, BoneCP, Druid等。
- 理论上可支持任意实现JDBC规范的数据库。目前支持MySQL,Oracle,SQLServer和PostgreSQL。
Sharding-JDBC定位为轻量级java框架,使用客户端直连数据库,以jar包形式提供服务,未使用中间层,无需额外部署,无其他依赖,DBA也无需改变原有的运维方式。采用”半理解”理念的SQL解析引擎,以达到性能与兼容性的最大平衡。
Sharding-JDBC功能灵活且全面:
- 分片策略灵活,可支持=,BETWEEN,IN等多维度分片,也可支持多分片键共用。
- SQL解析功能完善,支持聚合,分组,排序,Limit,TOP等查询,并且支持Binding Table以及笛卡尔积的表查询。
- 支持柔性事务(目前仅最大努力送达型)。
- 支持读写分离。
- 支持分布式生成全局主键。
Sharding-JDBC配置多样:
- 支持Java编码和YAML的配置方式
- 支持自定义Spring命名空间与Spring boot starter
- 灵活多样的inline表达式
分布式治理能力突出: (2.0 only)
- 配置集中化与动态化,可支持数据源、表与分片策略的动态切换 (2.0.0.M1)
- 客户端的数据库治理,运行实例禁用启用 (2.0.0.M2)
- 基于Open Tracing协议的APM信息输出,读写分离Slave数据源禁用启用及ConfigMap支持 (2.0.0.M3)
整体架构图
快速入门
引入maven依赖
<!-- 引入sharding-jdbc核心模块 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.shardingjdbc</groupId>
<artifactId>sharding-jdbc-core</artifactId>
<version>${latest.release.version}</version>
</dependency>
规则配置
Sharding-JDBC的分库分表通过规则配置描述,以下例子是根据user_id取模分库, 且根据order_id取模分表的两库两表的配置。
可以通过Java编码的方式配置:
// 配置真实数据源
Map<String, DataSource> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();
// 配置第一个数据源
BasicDataSource dataSource1 = new BasicDataSource();
dataSource1.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
dataSource1.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_0");
dataSource1.setUsername("root");
dataSource1.setPassword("");
dataSourceMap.put("ds_0", dataSource1);
// 配置第二个数据源
BasicDataSource dataSource2 = new BasicDataSource();
dataSource2.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
dataSource2.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_1");
dataSource2.setUsername("root");
dataSource2.setPassword("");
dataSourceMap.put("ds_1", dataSource2);
// 配置Order表规则
TableRuleConfiguration orderTableRuleConfig = new TableRuleConfiguration();
orderTableRuleConfig.setLogicTable("t_order");
orderTableRuleConfig.setActualDataNodes("ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}");
// 配置分库策略
orderTableRuleConfig.setDatabaseShardingStrategyConfig(new InlineShardingStrategyConfiguration("user_id", "ds_${user_id % 2}"));
// 配置分表策略
orderTableRuleConfig.setTableShardingStrategyConfig(new InlineShardingStrategyConfiguration("order_id", "t_order_${order_id % 2}"));
// 配置分片规则
ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig = new ShardingRuleConfiguration();
shardingRuleConfig.getTableRuleConfigs().add(orderTableRuleConfig);
// 省略配置order_item表规则...
// 获取数据源对象
DataSource dataSource = ShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(dataSourceMap, shardingRuleConfig, new ConcurrentHashMap(), new Properties());
或通过YAML方式配置,与以上配置等价:
dataSources:
ds_0: !!org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource
driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_0
username: root
password:
ds_1: !!org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource
driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_1
username: root
password:
tables:
t_order:
actualDataNodes: ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}
databaseStrategy:
inline:
shardingColumn: user_id
algorithmInlineExpression: ds_${user_id % 2}
tableStrategy:
inline:
shardingColumn: order_id
algorithmInlineExpression: t_order_${order_id % 2}
t_order_item:
actualDataNodes: ds_${0..1}.t_order_item_${0..1}
databaseStrategy:
inline:
shardingColumn: user_id
algorithmInlineExpression: ds_${user_id % 2}
tableStrategy:
inline:
shardingColumn: order_id
algorithmInlineExpression: t_order_item_${order_id % 2}
DataSource dataSource = ShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(yamlFile);
规则配置包括数据源配置、表规则配置、分库策略和分表策略组成。这只是最简单的配置方式,实际使用可更加灵活,如:读写分离、多分片键、默认分片规则、分布式主键、级联表绑定等。
使用原生JDBC接口
通过ShardingDataSourceFactory工厂和规则配置对象获取ShardingDataSource,ShardingDataSource实现自JDBC的标准接口DataSource。然后可通过DataSource选择使用原生JDBC开发,或者使用JPA, MyBatis等ORM工具。以JDBC原生实现为例:
DataSource dataSource = ShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(dataSourceMap, shardingRuleConfig);
String sql = "SELECT i.* FROM t_order o JOIN t_order_item i ON o.order_id=i.order_id WHERE o.user_id=? AND o.order_id=?";
try (
Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
preparedStatement.setInt(1, 10);
preparedStatement.setInt(2, 1001);
try (ResultSet rs = preparedStatement.executeQuery()) {
while(rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getInt(1));
System.out.println(rs.getInt(2));
}
}
}
使用Spring命名空间配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:sharding="http://shardingsphere.io/schema/shardingjdbc/sharding"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://shardingsphere.io/schema/shardingjdbc/sharding
http://shardingsphere.io/schema/shardingjdbc/sharding/sharding.xsd
">
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:conf/conf.properties" ignore-unresolvable="true" />
<bean id="ds_0" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_0" />
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="" />
</bean>
<bean id="ds_1" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_1" />
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="" />
</bean>
<sharding:inline-strategy id="databaseStrategy" sharding-column="user_id" algorithm-expression="ds_${user_id % 2}" />
<sharding:inline-strategy id="orderTableStrategy" sharding-column="order_id" algorithm-expression="t_order_${order_id % 2}" />
<sharding:inline-strategy id="orderItemTableStrategy" sharding-column="order_id" algorithm-expression="t_order_item_${order_id % 2}" />
<sharding:data-source id="shardingDataSource">
<sharding:sharding-rule data-source-names="ds_0,ds_1">
<sharding:table-rules>
<sharding:table-rule logic-table="t_order" actual-data-nodes="ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}" database-strategy-ref="databaseStrategy" table-strategy-ref="orderTableStrategy" />
<sharding:table-rule logic-table="t_order_item" actual-data-nodes="ds_${0..1}.t_order_item_${0..1}" database-strategy-ref="databaseStrategy" table-strategy-ref="orderItemTableStrategy" />
</sharding:table-rules>
</sharding:sharding-rule>
</sharding:data-source>
</beans>