Dialects

The dialect is the system SQLAlchemy uses to communicate with various types of DBAPI implementations and databases. The sections that follow contain reference documentation and notes specific to the usage of each backend, as well as notes for the various DBAPIs.

All dialects require that an appropriate DBAPI driver is installed.

Included Dialects

• PostgreSQL
• MySQL and MariaDB
• SQLite
• Oracle
• Microsoft SQL Server

Support Levels for Included Dialects

The following table summarizes the support level for each included dialect.

Support Definitions

Fully tested in CI

Fully tested in CI indicates a version that is tested in the sqlalchemy CI system and passes all the tests in the test suite.

Normal support

Normal support indicates that most features should work, but not all versions are tested in the ci configuration so there may be some not supported edge cases. We will try to fix issues that affect these versions.

Best effort

Best effort indicates that we try to support basic features on them, but most likely there will be unsupported features or errors in some use cases. Pull requests with associated issues may be accepted to continue supporting older versions, which are reviewed on a case-by-case basis.

Deprecated, no longer supported dialects

The following dialects have implementations within SQLAlchemy, but they are not part of continuous integration testing nor are they actively developed. These dialects are deprecated and will be removed in future major releases.

• Firebird
• Sybase

External Dialects

Currently maintained external dialect projects for SQLAlchemy include: