注:manual compact功能从1.8.1版本开始支持。
原理
RocksDB除了根据需要自动触发compaction外,还能通过接口手动触发compaction,这个功能称之为Manual Compaction。其提供了CompactRange()
接口,如下:
- // CompactRangeOptions is used by CompactRange() call.
- struct CompactRangeOptions {
- // If true, no other compaction will run at the same time as this
- // manual compaction
- bool exclusive_manual_compaction = true;
- // If true, compacted files will be moved to the minimum level capable
- // of holding the data or given level (specified non-negative target_level).
- bool change_level = false;
- // If change_level is true and target_level have non-negative value, compacted
- // files will be moved to target_level.
- int target_level = -1;
- // Compaction outputs will be placed in options.db_paths[target_path_id].
- // Behavior is undefined if target_path_id is out of range.
- uint32_t target_path_id = 0;
- // By default level based compaction will only compact the bottommost level
- // if there is a compaction filter
- BottommostLevelCompaction bottommost_level_compaction =
- BottommostLevelCompaction::kIfHaveCompactionFilter;
- };
- // Compact the underlying storage for the key range [*begin,*end].
- // The actual compaction interval might be superset of [*begin, *end].
- // In particular, deleted and overwritten versions are discarded,
- // and the data is rearranged to reduce the cost of operations
- // needed to access the data. This operation should typically only
- // be invoked by users who understand the underlying implementation.
- //
- // begin==nullptr is treated as a key before all keys in the database.
- // end==nullptr is treated as a key after all keys in the database.
- // Therefore the following call will compact the entire database:
- // db->CompactRange(options, nullptr, nullptr);
- // Note that after the entire database is compacted, all data are pushed
- // down to the last level containing any data. If the total data size after
- // compaction is reduced, that level might not be appropriate for hosting all
- // the files. In this case, client could set options.change_level to true, to
- // move the files back to the minimum level capable of holding the data set
- // or a given level (specified by non-negative options.target_level).
- virtual Status CompactRange(const CompactRangeOptions& options,
- ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
- const Slice* begin, const Slice* end) = 0;
对应地,Pegasus对该功能在上层进行了封装,提供了表级别的Manual Compact功能,其作用是:
- 通过compaction去掉垃圾数据,减少数据量,降低文件层数,提升读操作的性能。
- 对最高层做compaction,可以清理掉Delete标记数据。
配合Usage Scenario功能中表的bulk_load模式,可以在灌数据完成后执行一次Manual Compact,去除垃圾数据,整理数据和文件夹结构,提升读性能。 实现方式:
扩展RocksDB,在Manifest中记录上一次执行Manual Compact的时间,并提供
GetLastManualCompactFinishTime()
方法来获取该时间。利用Table环境变量,来设置两类Manual Compect的环境变量:
- 单次Manual Compact:
manual_compact.once.trigger_time
:格式为Unix时间戳的秒数,可通过shell命令date +%s
获取当前时间戳。如果LastManualCompactFinishTime旧于该trigger_time,就触发Manual Compaction的执行。manual_compact.once.target_level
:用于设置CompactRangeOptions::target_level
。如果不设置,则使用默认值-1。manual_compact.once.bottommost_level_compaction
:可设置为skip
或者force
。如果是skip
,则不对最高层做compaction;如果是force
,则强制对最高层做compaction。如果不设置,则默认为skip
。
- 周期Manual Compact:
manual_compact.periodic.trigger_time
:格式为逗号分隔的时钟,譬如3:00,21:00
,表示每一天的3:00和21:00都触发一次Manual Compaction的执行。manual_compact.periodic.target_level
:用于设置CompactRangeOptions::target_level
。如果不设置,则使用默认值-1。manual_compact.periodic.bottommost_level_compaction
:可设置为skip
或者force
。如果是skip
,则不对最高层做compaction;如果是force
,则强制对最高层做compaction。如果不设置,则默认为skip
。
- Manual Compact总开关:
- 单次Manual Compact:
Manual Compact功能是分派到独立的Compact线程池中执行的,每个线程同一时刻只能处理一个replica的full compaction,因为并发处理量与Compact线程池的线程数量有关,可以通过配置文件的
worker_count
进行配置,如果使用Manual Compact比较频繁,建议调大线程数量(譬如设置为cpu core数量接近):
[threadpool.THREAD_POOL_COMPACT]
name = compact
partitioned = false
max_input_queue_length = 128
worker_priority = THREAD_xPRIORITY_NORMAL
worker_count = 16
- Manual Compact属于CPU和IO密集型操作,处理过程中会使CPU使用率长期处于高位,容易对集群的读写性能造成影响,所以建议在流量低峰时段进行操作。如果启动后发现读写性能下降影响了业务,可以立即通过设置该表的环境变量
manual_compact.disabled=true
来中止。 - Manual Compact过程中可能需要较多的额外磁盘空间。因为compaction前后文件变化较大,而Pegasus一般又会保留最近3个版本的checkpoint,所以基本上额外需要的磁盘空间量大约等于执行Manual Compact的表的数据存储量。所以,在执行Manual Compact前需确认集群有足够的存储空间,同时在执行过程中关注磁盘空间使用情况,避免因为磁盘空间耗尽导致集群节点宕机,影响集群可用度。
如何设置
通过shell设置
既然Manual Compact功能是利用Table环境变量触发的,那么可以直接通过shell功能的set_app_envs命令来设置。需要设置的环境变量参照上面的描述,环境变量设置后不会立即生效,大约需要等几十秒后才能在所有replica上生效。
由于需要设置的环境变量比较多,且对数据格式有要求,所以强烈建议不要自己直接设置,而是通过我们提供的脚本工具来设置,如下所示。
通过脚本设置
我们提供了一个脚本工具scripts/pegasus_manual_compact.sh来方便地设置,用法:
$ ./scripts/pegasus_manual_compact.sh
This tool is for manual compact specified table(app).
USAGE: ./scripts/pegasus_manual_compact.sh -c cluster -a app-name [-t periodic|once] [-w] [-g trigger_time] [...]
Options:
-h|--help print help message
-c|--cluster <str> cluster meta server list, default is "127.0.0.1:34601,127.0.0.1:34602"
-a|--app_name <str> target table(app) name
-t|--type <str> manual compact type, should be periodic or once, default is once
-w|--wait_only this option is only used when the type is once!
not trigger but only wait the last once compact to finish
-g|--trigger_time <str> this option is only used when the type is periodic!
specify trigger time of periodic compact in 24-hour format,
e.g. "3:00,21:00" means 3:00 and 21:00 everyday
--target_level <num> number in range of [-1,num_levels], -1 means automatically, default is -1
--bottommost_level_compaction <skip|force>
skip or force, default is skip
more details: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki/Manual-Compaction
--max_concurrent_running_count <num>
max concurrent running count limit, should be positive integer.
if not set, means no limit.
for example:
1) Start once type manual compact with default options:
./scripts/pegasus_manual_compact.sh -c 127.0.0.1:34601,127.0.0.1:34602 -a temp
2) Only wait last once type manual compact to finish:
./scripts/pegasus_manual_compact.sh -c 127.0.0.1:34601,127.0.0.1:34602 -a temp -w
3) Config periodic type manual compact with specified options:
./scripts/pegasus_manual_compact.sh -c 127.0.0.1:34601,127.0.0.1:34602 -a temp -t periodic -g 3:00,21:00 \
--target_level 2 --bottommost_level_compaction force
该工具不仅会调用shell命令设置Table环境变量,对于once类型还会等待所有的replica上的操作都执行完成,使用起来十分方便。
譬如,在bulk load完成后执行once manual compact如下:
$ ./scripts/pegasus_manual_compact.sh -c 127.0.0.1:34601,127.0.0.1:34602 -a temp