Redeploying Certificates

You are viewing documentation for a release that is no longer supported. The latest supported version of version 3 is [3.11]. For the most recent version 4, see [4]

You are viewing documentation for a release that is no longer supported. The latest supported version of version 3 is [3.11]. For the most recent version 4, see [4]

Overview

OKD uses certificates to provide secure connections for the following components:

• masters (API server and controllers)

• etcd

• nodes

• registry

• router

You can use Ansible playbooks provided with the installer to automate checking expiration dates for cluster certificates. Playbooks are also provided to automate backing up and redeploying these certificates, which can fix common certificate errors.

Possible use cases for redeploying certificates include:

• The installer detected the wrong host names and the issue was identified too late.

• The certificates are expired and you need to update them.

• You have a new CA and want to create certificates using it instead.

Checking Certificate Expirations

You can use the installer to warn you about any certificates expiring within a configurable window of days and notify you about any certificates that have already expired. Certificate expiry playbooks use the Ansible role openshift_certificate_expiry.

Certificates examined by the role include:

• Master and node service certificates

• Router and registry service certificates from etcd secrets

• Master, node, router, registry, and kubeconfig files for cluster-admin users

• etcd certificates (including embedded)

Role Variables

The openshift_certificate_expiry role uses the following variables:

Running Certificate Expiration Playbooks

The OKD installer provides a set of example certificate expiration playbooks, using different sets of configuration for the openshift_certificate_expiry role.

These playbooks must be used with an inventory file that is representative of the cluster. For best results, run ansible-playbook with the -v option.

Using the easy-mode.yaml example playbook, you can try the role out before tweaking it to your specifications as needed. This playbook:

• Produces JSON and stylized HTML reports in /tmp/.

• Sets the warning window very large, so you will almost always get results back.

• Includes all certificates (healthy or not) in the results.

easy-mode.yaml Playbook

- name: Check cert expirys
  hosts: nodes:masters:etcd
  become: yes
  gather_facts: no
  vars:
    openshift_certificate_expiry_warning_days: 1500
    openshift_certificate_expiry_save_json_results: yes
    openshift_certificate_expiry_generate_html_report: yes
    openshift_certificate_expiry_show_all: yes
  roles:
    - role: openshift_certificate_expiry

To run the easy-mode.yaml playbook:

$ ansible-playbook -v -i <inventory_file> \
    /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible/playbooks/openshift-checks/certificate_expiry/easy-mode.yaml

Other Example Playbooks

The other example playbooks are also available to run directly out of the /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible/playbooks/certificate_expiry/ directory.

To run any of these example playbooks:

$ ansible-playbook -v -i <inventory_file> \
    /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible/playbooks/openshift-checks/certificate_expiry/<playbook>

Output Formats

As noted above, there are two ways to format your check report. In JSON format for machine parsing, or as a stylized HTML page for easy skimming.

HTML Report

An example of an HTML report is provided with the installer. You can open the following file in your browser to view it:

/usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible/roles/openshift_certificate_expiry/examples/cert-expiry-report.html

JSON Report

There are two top-level keys in the saved JSON results: data and summary.

The data key is a hash where the keys are the names of each host examined and the values are the check results for the certificates identified on each respective host.

The summary key is a hash that summarizes the total number of certificates:

• examined on the entire cluster

• that are OK

• expiring within the configured warning window

• already expired

For an example of the full JSON report, see /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible/roles/openshift_certificate_expiry/examples/cert-expiry-report.json.

The summary from the JSON data can be easily checked for warnings or expirations using a variety of command-line tools. For example, using grep you can look for the word summary and print out the two lines after the match (-A2):

$ grep -A2 summary /tmp/cert-expiry-report.json
    "summary": {
        "warning": 16,
        "expired": 0

If available, the jq tool can also be used to pick out specific values. The first two examples below show how to select just one value, either warning or expired. The third example shows how to select both values at once:

$ jq '.summary.warning' /tmp/cert-expiry-report.json
16
$ jq '.summary.expired' /tmp/cert-expiry-report.json
0
$ jq '.summary.warning,.summary.expired' /tmp/cert-expiry-report.json
16
0

Redeploying Certificates

Use the following playbooks to redeploy master, etcd, node, registry, and router certificates on all relevant hosts. You can redeploy all of them at once using the current CA, redeploy certificates for specific components only, or redeploy a newly generated or custom CA on its own.

Just like the certificate expiry playbooks, these playbooks must be run with an inventory file that is representative of the cluster.

In particular, the inventory must specify or override all host names and IP addresses set via the following variables such that they match the current cluster configuration:

• openshift_public_hostname

• openshift_public_ip

• openshift_master_cluster_hostname

• openshift_master_cluster_public_hostname

The playbooks you need are provided by:

# yum install openshift-ansible

Redeploying All Certificates Using the Current OKD and etcd CA

The redeploy-certificates.yml playbook does not regenerate the OKD CA certificate. New master, etcd, node, registry, and router certificates are created using the current CA certificate to sign new certificates.

This also includes serial restarts of:

• etcd

• master services

• node services

To redeploy master, etcd, and node certificates using the current OKD CA, run this playbook, specifying your inventory file:

$ ansible-playbook -i <inventory_file> \
    /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible/playbooks/redeploy-certificates.yml

Redeploying a New or Custom OKD CA

The openshift-master/redeploy-openshift-ca.yml playbook redeploys the OKD CA certificate by generating a new CA certificate and distributing an updated bundle to all components including client kubeconfig files and the node’s database of trusted CAs (the CA-trust).

This also includes serial restarts of:

• master services

• node services

• docker

Additionally, you can specify a custom CA certificate when redeploying certificates instead of relying on a CA generated by OKD.

When the master services are restarted, the registry and routers can continue to communicate with the master without being redeployed because the master’s serving certificate is the same, and the CA the registry and routers have are still valid.

To redeploy a newly generated or custom CA:

1. Optionally, specify a custom CA. The certfile that you specify as part of the custom CA parameter, openshift_master_ca_certificate, must contain only the single certificate that signs the OKD certificates. If you have intermediate certificates in your chain, you must bundle them into a different file.

   1. To specify a CA without intermediate certificates, set the following variable in your inventory file:

      # Configure custom ca certificate
      # NOTE: CA certificate will not be replaced with existing clusters.
      # This option may only be specified when creating a new cluster or
      # when redeploying cluster certificates with the redeploy-certificates
      # playbook.
      openshift_master_ca_certificate={'certfile': '</path/to/ca.crt>', 'keyfile': '</path/to/ca.key>'}

   2. To specify a CA certificate that is issued by an intermediate CA:

      1. Create a bundled certificate that contains the full chain of intermediate and root certificates for the CA:

         # cat intermediate/certs/<intermediate.cert.pem> \
               certs/ca.cert.pem >> intermediate/certs/ca-chain.cert.pem

      2. Set the following variables in your inventory file:

         # Configure custom ca certificate
         # NOTE: CA certificate will not be replaced with existing clusters.
         # This option may only be specified when creating a new cluster or
         # when redeploying cluster certificates with the redeploy-certificates
         # playbook.
         openshift_master_ca_certificate={'certfile': '</path/to/ca.crt>', 'keyfile': '</path/to/ca.key>'}
         openshift_additional_ca=intermediate/certs/ca-chain.cert.pem

1. Run the openshift-master/redeploy-openshift-ca.yml playbook, specifying your inventory file:

   $ ansible-playbook -i <inventory_file> \
       /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible/playbooks/openshift-master/redeploy-openshift-ca.yml

   With the new OKD CA in place, you can then use the redeploy-certificates.yml playbook at your discretion whenever you want to redeploy certificates signed by the new CA on all components.

   When using the redeploy-certificates.yml playbook after the new OKD CA is in place, you must add -e openshift_redeploy_openshift_ca=true to the playbook command.

Redeploying a New etcd CA

The openshift-etcd/redeploy-ca.yml playbook redeploys the etcd CA certificate by generating a new CA certificate and distributing an updated bundle to all etcd peers and master clients.

This also includes serial restarts of:

• etcd

• master services

To redeploy a newly generated etcd CA:

1. Run the openshift-etcd/redeploy-ca.yml playbook, specifying your inventory file:

   $ ansible-playbook -i <inventory_file> \
       /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible/playbooks/openshift-etcd/redeploy-ca.yml

With the new etcd CA in place, you can then use the openshift-etcd/redeploy-certificates.yml playbook at your discretion whenever you want to redeploy certificates signed by the new etcd CA on etcd peers and master clients. Alternatively, you can use the redeploy-certificates.yml playbook to redeploy certificates for OKD components in addition to etcd peers and master clients.

Redeploying Master Certificates Only

The openshift-master/redeploy-certificates.yml playbook only redeploys master certificates. This also includes serial restarts of master services.

To redeploy master certificates, run this playbook, specifying your inventory file:

$ ansible-playbook -i <inventory_file> \
    /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible/playbooks/openshift-master/redeploy-certificates.yml

Redeploying etcd Certificates Only

The openshift-etcd/redeploy-certificates.yml playbook only redeploys etcd certificates including master client certificates.

This also include serial restarts of:

• etcd

• master services.

To redeploy etcd certificates, run this playbook, specifying your inventory file:

$ ansible-playbook -i <inventory_file> \
    /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible/playbooks/openshift-etcd/redeploy-certificates.yml

Redeploying Node Certificates

OKD automatically rotates node certificates when they get close to expiring. If you need to redeploy certificates because the CA certificate was changed, you can use the playbooks/redeploy-certificates.yml playbook with the -e openshift_redeploy_openshift_ca=true flag. See Redeploying All Certificates Using the Current OpenShift Container Platform and etcd CA for details.

Redeploying Registry or Router Certificates Only

The openshift-hosted/redeploy-registry-certificates.yml and openshift-hosted/redeploy-router-certificates.yml playbooks replace installer-created certificates for the registry and router. If custom certificates are in use for these components, see Redeploying Custom Registry or Router Certificates to replace them manually.

Redeploying Registry Certificates Only

To redeploy registry certificates, run the following playbook, specifying your inventory file:

$ ansible-playbook -i <inventory_file> \
    /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible/playbooks/openshift-hosted/redeploy-registry-certificates.yml

Redeploying Router Certificates Only

To redeploy router certificates, run the following playbook, specifying your inventory file:

$ ansible-playbook -i <inventory_file> \
    /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible/playbooks/openshift-hosted/redeploy-router-certificates.yml

Redeploying Custom Registry or Router Certificates

When nodes are evacuated due to a redeployed CA, registry and router pods are restarted. If the registry and router certificates were not also redeployed with the new CA, this can cause outages because they cannot reach the masters using their old certificates.

The playbooks for redeploying certificates cannot redeploy custom registry or router certificates, so to address this issue, you can manually redeploy the registry and router certificates.

Redeploying Registry Certificates Manually

To redeploy registry certificates manually, you must add new registry certificates to a secret named registry-certificates, then redeploy the registry:

1. Switch to the default project for the remainder of these steps:

   $ oc project default

2. If your registry was initially created on OKD 3.1 or earlier, it may still be using environment variables to store certificates (which has been deprecated in favor of using secrets).

   1. Run the following and look for the OPENSHIFT_CA_DATA, OPENSHIFT_CERT_DATA, OPENSHIFT_KEY_DATA environment variables:

      $ oc env dc/docker-registry --list

   2. If they do not exist, skip this step. If they do, create the following ClusterRoleBinding:

      $ cat <<EOF |
      apiVersion: v1
      groupNames: null
      kind: ClusterRoleBinding
      metadata:
        creationTimestamp: null
        name: registry-registry-role
      roleRef:
        kind: ClusterRole
        name: system:registry
      subjects:
      - kind: ServiceAccount
        name: registry
        namespace: default
      userNames:
      - system:serviceaccount:default:registry
      EOF
      oc create -f -

      Then, run the following to remove the environment variables:

      $ oc env dc/docker-registry OPENSHIFT_CA_DATA- OPENSHIFT_CERT_DATA- OPENSHIFT_KEY_DATA- OPENSHIFT_MASTER-

3. Set the following environment variables locally to make later commands less complex:

   $ REGISTRY_IP=`oc get service docker-registry -o jsonpath='{.spec.clusterIP}'`
   $ REGISTRY_HOSTNAME=`oc get route/docker-registry -o jsonpath='{.spec.host}'`

4. Create new registry certificates:

   $ oc adm ca create-server-cert \
       --signer-cert=/etc/origin/master/ca.crt \
       --signer-key=/etc/origin/master/ca.key \
       --hostnames=$REGISTRY_IP,docker-registry.default.svc,docker-registry.default.svc.cluster.local,$REGISTRY_HOSTNAME \
       --cert=/etc/origin/master/registry.crt \
       --key=/etc/origin/master/registry.key \
       --signer-serial=/etc/origin/master/ca.serial.txt

   Run oc adm commands only from the first master listed in the Ansible host inventory file, by default /etc/ansible/hosts.

5. Update the registry-certificates secret with the new registry certificates:

   $ oc create secret generic registry-certificates \
       --from-file=/etc/origin/master/registry.crt,/etc/origin/master/registry.key \
       -o json --dry-run | oc replace -f -

6. Redeploy the registry:

   $ oc rollout latest dc/docker-registry

Redeploying Router Certificates Manually

To redeploy router certificates manually, you must add new router certificates to a secret named router-certs, then redeploy the router:

1. Switch to the default project for the remainder of these steps:

   $ oc project default

2. If your router was initially created on OKD 3.1 or earlier, it might still use environment variables to store certificates, which has been deprecated in favor of using service serving certificate secret.

   1. Run the following command and look for the OPENSHIFT_CA_DATA, OPENSHIFT_CERT_DATA, OPENSHIFT_KEY_DATA environment variables:

      $ oc env dc/router --list

   2. If those variables exist, create the following ClusterRoleBinding:

      $ cat <<EOF |
      apiVersion: v1
      groupNames: null
      kind: ClusterRoleBinding
      metadata:
        creationTimestamp: null
        name: router-router-role
      roleRef:
        kind: ClusterRole
        name: system:router
      subjects:
      - kind: ServiceAccount
        name: router
        namespace: default
      userNames:
      - system:serviceaccount:default:router
      EOF
      oc create -f -

   3. If those variables exist, run the following command to remove them:

      $ oc env dc/router OPENSHIFT_CA_DATA- OPENSHIFT_CERT_DATA- OPENSHIFT_KEY_DATA- OPENSHIFT_MASTER-

3. Obtain a certificate.

   • If you use an external Certificate Authority (CA) to sign your certificates, create a new certificate and provide it to OKD by following your internal processes.

   • If you use the internal OKD CA to sign certificates, run the following commands:

     The following commands generate a certificate that is internally signed. It will be trusted by only clients that trust the OKD CA.

     $ cd /root
     $ mkdir cert ; cd cert
     $ oc adm ca create-server-cert \
         --signer-cert=/etc/origin/master/ca.crt \
         --signer-key=/etc/origin/master/ca.key \
         --signer-serial=/etc/origin/master/ca.serial.txt \
         --hostnames='*.hostnames.for.the.certificate' \
         --cert=router.crt \
         --key=router.key \

     These commands generate the following files:

     • A new certificate named router.crt.

     • A copy of the signing CA certificate chain, /etc/origin/master/ca.crt. This chain can contain more than one certificate if you use intermediate CAs.

     • A corresponding private key named router.key.

1. Create a new file that concatenates the generated certificates:

   $ cat router.crt /etc/origin/master/ca.crt router.key > router.pem

   This step is only valid if you are using a certificate signed by the OpenShift CA. If a custom certificate is used, a file with the correct CA chain should be used instead of /etc/origin/master/ca.crt.

2. Before you generate a new secret, back up the current one:

   $ oc get -o yaml --export secret router-certs > ~/old-router-certs-secret.yaml

3. Create a new secret to hold the new certificate and key, and replace the contents of the existing secret:

   $ oc create secret tls router-certs --cert=router.pem \ (1)
       --key=router.key -o json --dry-run | \
       oc replace -f -

   1	router.pem is the file that contains the concatenation of the certificates that you generated.

4. Redeploy the router:

   $ oc rollout latest dc/router

   When routers are initially deployed, an annotation is added to the router’s service that automatically creates a service serving certificate secret named router-metrics-tls.

   To redeploy router-metrics-tls certificates manually, that service serving certificate can be triggered to be recreated by deleting the secret, removing and re-adding annotations to the router service, then redeploying the router-metrics-tls secret:

5. Remove the following annotations from the router service:

   $ oc annotate service router \
       service.alpha.openshift.io/serving-cert-secret-name- \
       service.alpha.openshift.io/serving-cert-signed-by-

6. Remove the existing router-metrics-tls secret.

   $ oc delete secret router-metrics-tls

7. Re-add the annotations:

   $ oc annotate service router \
      service.alpha.openshift.io/serving-cert-secret-name=router-metrics-tls