Clients

A NATS client is an application making a connection to one of the nats servers pointed to by its connection URL, and uses a credential file to authenticate and indicate its authorization to the server and the whole NATS infrastructure.

The nats-server doesn’t come bundled with any clients, but its companion is the nats CLI tool that you should install (even if you don’t intend to run your own servers) as it is the best tool to use to test, monitor, manage and generally interact with a NATS infrastructure (regardless of that infrastructure being an isolated local server, a leaf node server, a cluster or even a global super-cluster).

Other NATS client tools to know about are the nsc CLI tool (to manage accounts attributes and user JWT tokens) and the ‘nk’ tool (and library) to manage Nkeys.

Also, most client libraries come with sample programs that allow you to publish, subscribe, send requests and reply messages.

Embedding NATS

If your application is in Go, and if it fits your use case and deployment scenarios, you can even embed a NATS server inside your application.

Embedding NATS in Go

Installing the nats CLI Tool

For macOS:

  1. brew tap nats-io/nats-tools
  2. brew install nats-io/nats-tools/nats

For Arch Linux:

  1. yay natscli

Binaries are also available as GitHub Releases.

Testing your setup

Open a terminal and start a nats-server:

  1. nats-server
  1. [45695] 2021/09/29 02:22:53.570667 [INF] Starting nats-server
  2. [45695] 2021/09/29 02:22:53.570796 [INF]   Version:  2.6.1
  3. [45695] 2021/09/29 02:22:53.570799 [INF]   Git:      [not set]
  4. [45695] 2021/09/29 02:22:53.570804 [INF]   Name:     NAAACXGWSD6ZW5KVHOTSGGPU2JCMZUDSMY5GVZZP27DMRPWYINC2X6ZI
  5. [45695] 2021/09/29 02:22:53.570807 [INF]   ID:       NAAACXGWSD6ZW5KVHOTSGGPU2JCMZUDSMY5GVZZP27DMRPWYINC2X6ZI
  6. [45695] 2021/09/29 02:22:53.571747 [INF] Listening for client connections on 0.0.0.0:4222
  7. [45695] 2021/09/29 02:22:53.572051 [INF] Server is ready

On another terminal session first check the connection to the server

  1. nats server check
  1. OK Connection OK:connected to nats://127.0.0.1:4222 in 790.28µs OK:rtt time 69.896µs OK:round trip took 0.000102s | connect_time=0.0008s;0.5000;1.0000 rtt=0.0001s;0.5000;1.0000 request_time=0.0001s;0.5000;1.0000

Next, start a subscriber using the nats CLI tool:

  1. nats sub ">"

Note that when the client connected, the server didn’t log anything interesting because server output is relatively quiet unless something interesting happens.

To make the server output more lively, you can specify the -V flag to enable logging of server protocol tracing messages. Go ahead and <ctrl>+c the process running the server, and restart the server with the -V flag:

  1. nats-server -V
  1. [45703] 2021/09/29 02:23:05.189377 [INF] Starting nats-server
  2. [45703] 2021/09/29 02:23:05.189489 [INF]   Version:  2.6.1
  3. [45703] 2021/09/29 02:23:05.189493 [INF]   Git:      [not set]
  4. [45703] 2021/09/29 02:23:05.189497 [INF]   Name:     NAIBOVQLOZSDIUFQYZOQUGV3PNZUT66D4WF5MKS2G7N423UGJDH2DFWG
  5. [45703] 2021/09/29 02:23:05.189500 [INF]   ID:       NAIBOVQLOZSDIUFQYZOQUGV3PNZUT66D4WF5MKS2G7N423UGJDH2DFWG
  6. [45703] 2021/09/29 02:23:05.190236 [INF] Listening for client connections on 0.0.0.0:4222
  7. [45703] 2021/09/29 02:23:05.190504 [INF] Server is ready
  8. [45703] 2021/09/29 02:23:07.111053 [TRC] 127.0.0.1:51653 - cid:4 - <<- [CONNECT {"verbose":false,"pedantic":false,"tls_required":false,"name":"NATS CLI Version 0.0.26","lang":"go","version":"1.12.0","protocol":1,"echo":true,"headers":true,"no_responders":true}]
  9. [45703] 2021/09/29 02:23:07.111282 [TRC] 127.0.0.1:51653 - cid:4 - "v1.12.0:go:NATS CLI Version 0.0.26" - <<- [PING]
  10. [45703] 2021/09/29 02:23:07.111301 [TRC] 127.0.0.1:51653 - cid:4 - "v1.12.0:go:NATS CLI Version 0.0.26" - ->> [PONG]
  11. [45703] 2021/09/29 02:23:07.111632 [TRC] 127.0.0.1:51653 - cid:4 - "v1.12.0:go:NATS CLI Version 0.0.26" - <<- [SUB >  1]
  12. [45703] 2021/09/29 02:23:07.111679 [TRC] 127.0.0.1:51653 - cid:4 - "v1.12.0:go:NATS CLI Version 0.0.26" - <<- [PING]
  13. [45703] 2021/09/29 02:23:07.111689 [TRC] 127.0.0.1:51653 - cid:4 - "v1.12.0:go:NATS CLI Version 0.0.26" - ->> [PONG]

If you had created a subscriber, you should notice output on the subscriber telling you that it disconnected, and reconnected. The server output above is more interesting. You can see the subscriber send a CONNECT protocol message and a PING which was responded to by the server with a PONG.

You can learn more about the NATS protocol here, but more interesting than the protocol description is an interactive demo.

On a third terminal, publish your first message:

  1. nats pub hello world

On the subscriber window you should see:

  1. [#1] Received on "hello"
  2. world

Testing Against a Remote Server

If the NATS server were running in a different machine or a different port, you’d have to specify that to the client by specifying a NATS URL (either in a nats context or using the -s flag).

NATS URLs

NATS URLs take the form of: nats://<server>:<port> and tls://<server>:<port>. URLs with a tls protocol sport a secured TLS connection.

If you are connecting to a cluster you can specify more than one URL (comma separated). e.g. nats://localhost:4222,nats://localhost:5222,nats://localhost:6222 if you are running a test cluster of 3 nats servers on your local machine, listening at ports 4222, 5222, and 6222 respectively.

Example

  1. nats sub -s nats://server:port ">"

If you want to try on a remote server, the NATS team maintains a demo server you can reach at demo.nats.io.

  1. nats sub -s nats://demo.nats.io ">"