5.3.6. RMI
5.3.6.1. 简介
RMI(Remote Method Invocation,远程方法调用)能够让在客户端Java虚拟机上的对象像调用本地对象一样调用服务端Java虚拟机中的对象上的方法。其中RMI标准实现是Java RMI,之外还有Weblogic RMI、Spring RMI等不同的实现。
RMI中比较重要的两个概念是Stub和Skeleton,Stub和Skeleton对同一套接口进行实现,其中Stub由Client端调用,并不进行真正的实现,而是和Server端通信。Skeleton是Server端,监听来自Stub的连接,根据Stub发送的数据进行真正的操作。
5.3.6.2. 调用步骤
- 客户调用客户端辅助对象Stub上的方法
- 客户端辅助对象Stub打包调用信息(变量,方法名),通过网络发送给服务端辅助对象Skeleton
- 服务端辅助对象Skeleton将客户端辅助对象发送来的信息解包,找出真正被调用的方法以及该方法所在对象
- 调用真正服务对象上的真正方法,并将结果返回给服务端辅助对象Skeleton
- 服务端辅助对象将结果打包,发送给客户端辅助对象Stub
- 客户端辅助对象将返回值解包,返回给调用者
- 客户获得返回值
5.3.6.3. 样例
一份代码样例如下(来自《Enterprise JavaBeans》):
5.3.6.3.1. Person接口定义
- public interface Person {
- public int getAge() throws Throwable;
- public String getName() throws Throwable;
- }
5.3.6.3.2. 使用PersonServer实现Person
- public class PersonServer implements Person {
- private int age;
- private String name;
- public PersonServer(String name, int age) {
- this.age = age;
- this.name = name;
- }
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- }
5.3.6.3.3. 使用Person_Stub实现Person
- import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
- import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
- import java.net.Socket;
- public class Person_Stub implements Person {
- private Socket socket;
- public Person_Stub() throws Throwable {
- // connect to skeleton
- socket = new Socket("computer_name", 9000);
- }
- public int getAge() throws Throwable {
- // pass method name to skeleton
- ObjectOutputStream outStream =
- new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
- outStream.writeObject("age");
- outStream.flush();
- ObjectInputStream inStream =
- new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
- return inStream.readInt();
- }
- public String getName() throws Throwable {
- // pass method name to skeleton
- ObjectOutputStream outStream =
- new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
- outStream.writeObject("name");
- outStream.flush();
- ObjectInputStream inStream =
- new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
- return (String)inStream.readObject();
- }
- }
5.3.6.3.4. Skeleton的实现
- import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
- import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
- import java.net.Socket;
- import java.net.ServerSocket;
- public class Person_Skeleton extends Thread {
- private PersonServer myServer;
- public Person_Skeleton(PersonServer server) {
- // get reference of object server
- this.myServer = server;
- }
- public void run() {
- try {
- // new socket at port 9000
- ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
- // accept stub's request
- Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
- while (socket != null) {
- // get stub's request
- ObjectInputStream inStream =
- new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
- String method = (String)inStream.readObject();
- // check method name
- if (method.equals("age")) {
- // execute object server's business method
- int age = myServer.getAge();
- ObjectOutputStream outStream =
- new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
- // return result to stub
- outStream.writeInt(age);
- outStream.flush();
- }
- if(method.equals("name")) {
- // execute object server's business method
- String name = myServer.getName();
- ObjectOutputStream outStream =
- new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
- // return result to stub
- outStream.writeObject(name);
- outStream.flush();
- }
- }
- } catch(Throwable t) {
- t.printStackTrace();
- System.exit(0);
- }
- }
- public static void main(String args []) {
- // new object server
- PersonServer person = new PersonServer("Richard", 34);
- Person_Skeleton skel = new Person_Skeleton(person);
- skel.start();
- }
- }
5.3.6.3.5. Client实现
- public class PersonClient {
- public static void main(String [] args) {
- try {
- Person person = new Person_Stub();
- int age = person.getAge();
- String name = person.getName();
- System.out.println(name + " is " + age + " years old");
- } catch(Throwable t) {
- t.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
5.3.6.4. T3协议
T3协议是用于在WebLogic服务器和其他类型的Java程序之间传输信息的协议,是Weblogic对RMI规范的实现。简单来说,可以把T3视为暴露JDNI给用户调用的接口。
5.3.6.5. JRMP
Java远程方法协议(Java Remote Method Protocol,JRMP)是特定于Java技术的、用于查找和引用远程对象的协议。这是运行在Java远程方法调用(RMI)之下、TCP/IP之上的线路层协议。
JRMP是一个Java特有的、适用于Java之间远程调用的基于流的协议,要求客户端和服务器上都使用Java对象。