When a Hanami action is called, the incoming HTTP request and outgoing HTTP response are represented by the request and response objects provided to the action’s #handle method.

module Bookshelf
  module Actions
    module Books
      class Index < Bookshelf::Action
        def handle(request, response)
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

Request

The request object provides details about the incoming request. Use it to query information about the request, such as params and headers.

The object inherits from Rack::Request, which provides a range of methods like #path_info, #content_type and #get_header.

Here are some of the methods you can call on request:

# app/actions/books/index.rb
module Bookshelf
  module Actions
    module Books
      class Index < Bookshelf::Action
        def handle(request, response)
          request.path_info                        # => "/books"
          request.request_method                   # => "GET"
          request.get?                             # => true
          request.post?                            # => false
          request.xhr?                             # => false
          request.referer                          # => "http://example.com/"
          request.user_agent                       # => "Mozilla/5.0 Macintosh; ..."
          request.ip                               # => "127.0.0.1"
          request.get_header("HTTP_AUTHORIZATION") # => "Basic abc123"
          request.env["HTTP_AUTHORIZATION"]        # => "Basic abc123"
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

Response

The response object represents your action’s outgoing HTTP response.

Use it to control how your action responds to a request by setting an outgoing status, body or headers.

# app/actions/books/create.rb
module Bookshelf
  module Actions
    module Books
      class Create < Bookshelf::Action
        def handle(request, response)
          response.status = 201
          response.body = "Your resource has been created"
          response.headers["My-Header"] = "value"
          response.format = :json
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

The response object inherits from Rack::Response.

Response status

By default, the response status is 200. Setting the response status via response.status is useful when setting statuses like 200 OK, 201 Created and 404 Not Found.

In situations where you want an action to halt, for example to return a 401 Unauthorized response, use the action’s halt method. To return a redirect, use response.redirect_to("/path"). See Control flow for details.

Response format

The value set using response.format can either be a format name (:json) or a content type string ("application/json"). Consult MIME types and formats for more information about setting response formats.