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Greenplum Database v5.29 Documentation
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Greenplum Database v6.24 Documentation
Greenplum Database v6.23 Documentation
Greenplum Database v6.10 Documentation
Greenplum数据库 v5.0 中文文档
Greenplum数据库 v6.0 中文文档
Greenplum Database v5.29 Documentation
Version 5.29
Release Notes
Installation Guide
Introduction to Greenplum
Estimating Storage Capacity
Configuring Your Systems and Installing Greenplum
Verifying the VMware Tanzu Greenplum Software Download
Validating Your Systems
Initializing a Greenplum Database System
Installing Optional Extensions
Procedural Language, Machine Learning, and Geospatial Extensions
Python Data Science Module Package
R Data Science Library Package
Greenplum Platform Extension Framework (PXF)
Oracle Compatibility Functions
dblink Connectivity Functions
pgcrypto Cryptographic Functions
Configuring Timezone and Localization Settings
About Implicit Text Casting in Greenplum Database
Installation Management Utilities
Greenplum Environment Variables
Greenplum Database Best Practices
Best Practices Summary
System Configuration
Schema Design
Memory and Resource Management with Resource Groups
Memory and Resource Management with Resource Queues
System Monitoring and Maintenance
Updating Statistics with ANALYZE
Managing Bloat in the Database
Monitoring Greenplum Database Log Files
Loading Data
Migrating Data with gptransfer
Security
Encrypting Data and Database Connections
Tuning SQL Queries
High Availability
Cloud Technical Recommendations
Greenplum Database Security Configuration Guide
Securing the Database
Greenplum Database Ports and Protocols
Configuring Client Authentication
Configuring Database Authorization
Greenplum Command Center Security
Auditing
Encrypting Data and Database Connections
Enabling gphdfs Authentication with a Kerberos-secured Hadoop Cluster (Deprecated)
Security Best Practices
System Administration
Greenplum Database Concepts
About the Greenplum Architecture
About Management and Monitoring Utilities
About Concurrency Control in Greenplum Database
Example of Managing Transaction IDs
About Parallel Data Loading
About Redundancy and Failover in Greenplum Database
About Database Statistics in Greenplum Database
Managing a Greenplum System
About the Greenplum Database Release Version Number
Starting and Stopping Greenplum Database
Accessing the Database
Establishing a Database Session
Supported Client Applications
Greenplum Database Client Applications
Connecting with psql
Using the PgBouncer Connection Pooler
Database Application Interfaces
Troubleshooting Connection Problems
Configuring the Greenplum Database System
About Greenplum Database Master and Local Parameters
Setting Configuration Parameters
Setting a Local Configuration Parameter
Setting a Master Configuration Parameter
Setting Parameters at the System Level
Setting Parameters at the Database Level
Setting Parameters at the Role Level
Setting Parameters in a Session
Viewing Server Configuration Parameter Settings
Configuration Parameter Categories
Connection and Authentication Parameters
Connection Parameters
Security and Authentication Parameters
System Resource Consumption Parameters
Memory Consumption Parameters
Free Space Map Parameters
OS Resource Parameters
Cost-Based Vacuum Delay Parameters
Transaction ID Management Parameters
Query Tuning Parameters
GPORCA Configuration Parameters
Query Plan Operator Control Parameters
Legacy Query Optimizer Costing Parameters
Database Statistics Sampling Parameters
Sort Operator Configuration Parameters
Aggregate Operator Configuration Parameters
Join Operator Configuration Parameters
Other Legacy Query Optimizer Configuration Parameters
Error Reporting and Logging Parameters
Log Rotation
When to Log
What to Log
System Monitoring Parameters
SNMP Alerts
Email Alerts
Greenplum Command Center Agent
Runtime Statistics Collection Parameters
Automatic Statistics Collection Parameters
Client Connection Default Parameters
Statement Behavior Parameters
Locale and Formatting Parameters
Other Client Default Parameters
Lock Management Parameters
Resource Management Parameters
External Table Parameters
Database Table Parameters
Database and Tablespace/Filespace Parameters
Past Version Compatibility Parameters
Greenplum Array Configuration Parameters
Interconnect Configuration Parameters
Dispatch Configuration Parameters
Fault Operation Parameters
Distributed Transaction Management Parameters
Read-Only Parameters
Greenplum Master and Segment Mirroring Parameters
Greenplum Database Extension Parameters
Enabling High Availability and Data Consistency Features
Overview of Greenplum Database High Availability
Overview of Segment Mirroring
Overview of Master Mirroring
Overview of Fault Detection and Recovery
Enabling Mirroring in Greenplum Database
Enabling Segment Mirroring
Enabling Master Mirroring
Detecting a Failed Segment
Enabling Alerts and Notifications
Checking for Failed Segments
Checking the Log Files for Failed Segments
Recovering a Failed Segment
Recovering From Segment Failures
When a segment host is not recoverable
About the Segment Recovery Process
Recovering a Failed Master
Restoring Master Mirroring After a Recovery
Backing Up and Restoring Databases
Backup and Restore Overview
Parallel Backup with gpcrondump and gpdbrestore
Backup and Restore Options
Backing Up with gpcrondump
Backing Up a Set of Tables
Creating Incremental Backups
Backup Process and Locks
Using Direct I/O
Using Named Pipes
Backing Up Databases with Data Domain Boost
Backing Up Databases with Veritas NetBackup
Restoring Greenplum Databases
Restoring a Database Using gpdbrestore
Restoring to a Different Greenplum System Configuration
Parallel Backup with gpbackup and gprestore
Creating Incremental Backups with gpbackup and gprestore
Using gpbackup and gprestore with BoostFS
Using gpbackup Storage Plugins
Using the S3 Storage Plugin with gpbackup and gprestore
Using the DD Boost Storage Plugin with gpbackup and gprestore
Replicating Backups
Backup/Restore Storage Plugin API (Beta)
backup_data
backup_file
cleanup_plugin_for_backup
cleanup_plugin_for_restore
plugin_api_version
restore_data
restore_file
setup_plugin_for_backup
setup_plugin_for_restore
Expanding a Greenplum System
System Expansion Overview
Planning Greenplum System Expansion
Preparing and Adding Nodes
Initializing New Segments
Redistributing Tables
Removing the Expansion Schema
Migrating Data
Migrating Data with gpcopy
Migrating Data with gptransfer
Monitoring a Greenplum System
Routine System Maintenance Tasks
Recommended Monitoring and Maintenance Tasks
Managing Greenplum Database Access
Configuring Client Authentication
Using LDAP Authentication with TLS/SSL
Using Kerberos Authentication
Configuring Kerberos for Linux Clients
Configuring Kerberos For Windows Clients
Managing Roles and Privileges
Defining Database Objects
Creating and Managing Databases
Creating and Managing Tablespaces
Creating and Managing Schemas
Creating and Managing Tables
Choosing the Table Storage Model
Partitioning Large Tables
Creating and Using Sequences
Using Indexes in Greenplum Database
Creating and Managing Views
Best Practices when Creating Views
Working with View Dependencies
About View Storage in Greenplum Database
Distribution and Skew
Inserting, Updating, and Deleting Data
Querying Data
About Greenplum Query Processing
About GPORCA
Overview of GPORCA
Enabling and Disabling GPORCA
Collecting Root Partition Statistics
Considerations when Using GPORCA
GPORCA Features and Enhancements
Changed Behavior with the GPORCA
GPORCA Limitations
Determining the Query Optimizer that is Used
About Uniform Multi-level Partitioned Tables
Defining Queries
WITH Queries (Common Table Expressions)
Using Functions and Operators
Working with JSON Data
Working with XML Data
Query Performance
Managing Spill Files Generated by Queries
Query Profiling
Working with External Data
Defining External Tables
file:// Protocol
gpfdist:// Protocol
gpfdists:// Protocol
gphdfs:// Protocol (Deprecated)
pxf:// Protocol
s3:// Protocol
Using a Custom Protocol
Handling Errors in External Table Data
Creating and Using External Web Tables
Examples for Creating External Tables
Example 1—Single gpfdist instance on single-NIC machine
Example 2—Multiple gpfdist instances
Example 3—Multiple gpfdists instances
Example 4—Single gpfdist instance with error logging
Example 5—TEXT Format on a Hadoop Distributed File Server
Example 6—Multiple files in CSV format with header rows
Example 7—Readable External Web Table with Script
Example 8—Writable External Table with gpfdist
Example 9—Writable External Web Table with Script
Example 10—Readable and Writable External Tables with XML Transformations
Accessing HDFS Data with gphdfs (Deprecated)
One-time gphdfs Protocol Installation (Deprecated)
Grant Privileges for the gphdfs Protocol (Deprecated)
Specify gphdfs Protocol in an External Table Definition (Deprecated)
gphdfs Support for Avro Files (Deprecated)
gphdfs Support for Parquet Files (Deprecated)
HDFS Readable and Writable External Table Examples (Deprecated)
Reading and Writing Custom-Formatted HDFS Data with gphdfs (Deprecated)
Using Amazon EMR with Greenplum Database installed on AWS (Deprecated)
Using the Greenplum Parallel File Server (gpfdist)
Loading and Unloading Data
Loading Data Using an External Table
Loading and Writing Non-HDFS Custom Data
Using a Custom Format
Importing and Exporting Fixed Width Data
Examples: Read Fixed-Width Data
Using a Custom Protocol
Handling Load Errors
Define an External Table with Single Row Error Isolation
Capture Row Formatting Errors and Declare a Reject Limit
Viewing Bad Rows in the Error Log
Identifying Invalid CSV Files in Error Table Data
Moving Data between Tables
Loading Data with gpload
Accessing External Data with PXF
Loading Kafka Data with the Greenplum-Kafka Integration
Loading Data with the Greenplum Streaming Server
Using the Greenplum-Spark Connector
Using the Greenplum-Informatica Connector
Transforming External Data with gpfdist and gpload
Loading Data with COPY
Running COPY in Single Row Error Isolation Mode
Optimizing Data Load and Query Performance
Unloading Data from Greenplum Database
Defining a File-Based Writable External Table
Example 1—Greenplum file server (gpfdist)
Example 2—Hadoop file server (gphdfs (Deprecated))
Defining a Command-Based Writable External Web Table
Disabling EXECUTE for Web or Writable External Tables
Unloading Data Using a Writable External Table
Unloading Data Using COPY
Formatting Data Files
Formatting Rows
Formatting Columns
Representing NULL Values
Escaping
Escaping in Text Formatted Files
Escaping in CSV Formatted Files
Character Encoding
Example Custom Data Access Protocol
Installing the External Table Protocol
gpextprotocal.c
Managing Performance
Defining Database Performance
Common Causes of Performance Issues
Greenplum Database Memory Overview
Managing Resources
Using Resource Groups
Using Resource Queues
Investigating a Performance Problem
Reference Guide
SQL Command Reference
SQL Syntax Summary
ABORT
ALTER AGGREGATE
ALTER CONVERSION
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER DOMAIN
ALTER EXTENSION
ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE
ALTER FILESPACE
ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GROUP
ALTER INDEX
ALTER LANGUAGE
ALTER OPERATOR
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY
ALTER PROTOCOL
ALTER RESOURCE GROUP
ALTER RESOURCE QUEUE
ALTER ROLE
ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLESPACE
ALTER TYPE
ALTER USER
ALTER VIEW
ANALYZE
BEGIN
CHECKPOINT
CLOSE
CLUSTER
COMMENT
COMMIT
COPY
CREATE AGGREGATE
CREATE CAST
CREATE CONVERSION
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE DOMAIN
CREATE EXTENSION
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GROUP
CREATE INDEX
CREATE LANGUAGE
CREATE OPERATOR
CREATE OPERATOR CLASS
CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY
CREATE PROTOCOL
CREATE RESOURCE GROUP
CREATE RESOURCE QUEUE
CREATE ROLE
CREATE RULE
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLESPACE
CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER
CREATE VIEW
DEALLOCATE
DECLARE
DELETE
DISCARD
DO
DROP AGGREGATE
DROP CAST
DROP CONVERSION
DROP DATABASE
DROP DOMAIN
DROP EXTENSION
DROP EXTERNAL TABLE
DROP FILESPACE
DROP FUNCTION
DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX
DROP LANGUAGE
DROP OPERATOR
DROP OPERATOR CLASS
DROP OPERATOR FAMILY
DROP OWNED
DROP PROTOCOL
DROP RESOURCE GROUP
DROP RESOURCE QUEUE
DROP ROLE
DROP RULE
DROP SCHEMA
DROP SEQUENCE
DROP TABLE
DROP TABLESPACE
DROP TYPE
DROP USER
DROP VIEW
END
EXECUTE
EXPLAIN
FETCH
GRANT
INSERT
LOAD
LOCK
MOVE
PREPARE
REASSIGN OWNED
REINDEX
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
RESET
REVOKE
ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
SAVEPOINT
SELECT
SELECT INTO
SET
SET ROLE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SET TRANSACTION
SHOW
START TRANSACTION
TRUNCATE
UPDATE
VACUUM
VALUES
SQL 2008 Optional Feature Compliance
Greenplum Environment Variables
System Catalog Reference
System Tables
System Views
System Catalogs Definitions
gp_configuration_history
gp_distributed_log
gp_distributed_xacts
gp_distribution_policy
gpexpand.expansion_progress
gpexpand.status
gpexpand.status_detail
gp_fastsequence
gp_fault_strategy
gp_global_sequence
gp_id
gp_persistent_database_node
gp_persistent_filespace_node
gp_persistent_relation_node
gp_persistent_tablespace_node
gp_pgdatabase
gp_relation_node
gp_resgroup_config
gp_resgroup_status
gp_resqueue_status
gp_segment_configuration
gp_transaction_log
gp_version_at_initdb
pg_aggregate
pg_am
pg_amop
pg_amproc
pg_appendonly
pg_attrdef
pg_attribute
pg_attribute_encoding
pg_auth_members
pg_authid
pg_available_extension_versions
pg_available_extensions
pg_cast
pg_class
pg_compression
pg_constraint
pg_conversion
pg_database
pg_depend
pg_description
pg_enum
pg_extension
pg_exttable
pg_filespace
pg_filespace_entry
pg_index
pg_inherits
pg_language
pg_largeobject
pg_listener
pg_locks
pg_max_external_files
pg_namespace
pg_opclass
pg_operator
pg_partition
pg_partition_columns
pg_partition_encoding
pg_partition_rule
pg_partition_templates
pg_partitions
pg_pltemplate
pg_proc
pg_resgroup
pg_resgroupcapability
pg_resourcetype
pg_resqueue
pg_resqueue_attributes
pg_resqueuecapability
pg_rewrite
pg_roles
pg_shdepend
pg_shdescription
pg_stat_activity
pg_stat_all_indexes
pg_stat_all_tables
pg_stat_last_operation
pg_stat_last_shoperation
pg_stat_operations
pg_stat_partition_operations
pg_stat_replication
pg_statistic
pg_stat_resqueues
pg_tablespace
pg_trigger
pg_type
pg_type_encoding
pg_user_mapping
pg_window
The gp_toolkit Administrative Schema
The gpperfmon Database
database_*
diskspace_*
interface_stats_*
log_alert_*
queries_*
segment_*
socket_stats_*
system_*
dynamic_memory_info
memory_info
Greenplum Database Data Types
Character Set Support
Server Configuration Parameters
Parameter Categories
Configuration Parameters
Summary of Built-in Functions
Greenplum MapReduce Specification
Greenplum PL/pgSQL Procedural Language
Greenplum PostGIS Extension
Greenplum PL/R Language Extension
Greenplum PL/Python Language Extension
PL/Container Language
Greenplum PL/Java Language Extension
Greenplum PL/Perl Language Extension
Greenplum MADlib Extension for Analytics
Greenplum Partner Connector API
Greenplum Fuzzy String Match Extension
Summary of Greenplum Features
Utility Guide
Management Utility Reference
analyzedb
gpactivatestandby
gpaddmirrors
gpbackup
gpcheck
gpcheckcat
gpcheckperf
gpconfig
gpcrondump
gpdbrestore
gpcopy
gpdeletesystem
gpexpand
gpfdist
gpfilespace
gpinitstandby
gpinitsystem
gpkafka
gpload
gplogfilter
gpmapreduce
gpmfr
gpmovemirrors
gpmt
gpperfmon_install
gppkg
gprecoverseg
gpreload
gprestore
gpscp
gpseginstall
gpssh
gpss
gpssh-exkeys
gpstart
gpstate
gpstop
gpsys1
gptransfer
pgbouncer
pgbouncer.ini
pgbouncer-admin
plcontainer
plcontainer Configuration File
Client Utility Reference
clusterdb
createdb
createlang
createuser
dropdb
droplang
dropuser
pg_config
pg_dump
pg_dumpall
pg_restore
psql
reindexdb
vacuumdb
Additional Supplied Modules
citext Data Type
dblink Functions
hstore Functions
Oracle Compatibility Functions
UNIX Client Documentation
Client Tools for UNIX
Installing the Greenplum Client Tools
Client Tools Reference
Load Tools for UNIX
Installing the Greenplum Load Tools
Load Tools Reference
Windows Client Documentation
Client Tools for Windows
Installing the Greenplum Client Tools
Running the Greenplum Client Tools
Client Tools Reference
Load Tools for Windows
Installing Greenplum Loader
Running Greenplum Loader
Running gpfdist as a Windows Service
Loader Program Reference
DataDirect ODBC Drivers for Tanzu Greenplum
DataDirect JDBC Driver for Tanzu Greenplum
Versions 5.28 and Older Docs
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