7.6 使用废弃函数、宏和变量
NOTE:此示例代码可以在 https://github.com/dev-cafe/cmake-cookbook/tree/v1.0/chapter-7/recipe-06 中找到。该示例在CMake 3.5版(或更高版本)中是有效的,并且已经在GNU/Linux、macOS和Windows上进行过测试。
“废弃”是在不断发展的项目开发过程中一种重要机制,它向开发人员发出信号,表明将来某个函数、宏或变量将被删除或替换。在一段时间内,函数、宏或变量将继续可访问,但会发出警告,最终可能会上升为错误。
准备工作
我们将从以下CMake项目开始:
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR)
project(recipe-06 LANGUAGES NONE)
macro(custom_include_guard)
if(NOT DEFINED included_modules)
set(included_modules)
endif()
if ("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE}" IN_LIST included_modules)
message(WARNING "module ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE} processed more than once")
endif()
list(APPEND included_modules ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE})
endmacro()
include(cmake/custom.cmake)
message(STATUS "list of all included modules: ${included_modules}")
这段代码定义了一个自定义的”包含保护”机制,包括一个自定义模块(与前一个示例中的模块相同),并打印所有包含模块的列表。对于CMake 3.10或更高版本有内置的include_guard
。但是,不能简单地删除custom_include_guard
和${included_modules}
,而是使用一个“废弃”警告来弃用宏和变量。某个时候,可以将该警告转换为FATAL_ERROR
,使代码停止配置,并迫使开发人员对代码进行修改,切换到内置命令。
具体实施
“废弃”函数、宏和变量的方法如下:
首先,定义一个函数,我们将使用它来弃用一个变量:
function(deprecate_variable _variable _access)
if(_access STREQUAL "READ_ACCESS")
message(DEPRECATION "variable ${_variable} is deprecated")
endif()
endfunction()
然后,如果CMake的版本大于3.9,我们重新定义
custom_include_guard
并将variable_watch
附加到included_modules
中:if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER "3.9")
# deprecate custom_include_guard
macro(custom_include_guard)
message(DEPRECATION "custom_include_guard is deprecated - use built-in include_guard instead")
_custom_include_guard(${ARGV})
endmacro()
# deprecate variable included_modules
variable_watch(included_modules deprecate_variable)
endif()
CMake3.10以下版本的项目会产生以下结果:
$ mkdir -p build
$ cd build
$ cmake ..
-- custom.cmake is included and processed
-- list of all included modules: /home/user/example/cmake/custom.cmake
CMake 3.10及以上将产生预期的“废弃”警告:
CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:26 (message):
custom_include_guard is deprecated - use built-in include_guard instead
Call Stack (most recent call first):
cmake/custom.cmake:1 (custom_include_guard)
CMakeLists.txt:34 (include)
-- custom.cmake is included and processed
CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:19 (message):
variable included_modules is deprecated
Call Stack (most recent call first):
CMakeLists.txt:9999 (deprecate_variable)
CMakeLists.txt:36 (message)
-- list of all included modules: /home/user/example/cmake/custom.cmake
工作原理
弃用函数或宏相当于重新定义它,如前面的示例所示,并使用DEPRECATION
打印消息:
macro(somemacro)
message(DEPRECATION "somemacro is deprecated")
_somemacro(${ARGV})
endmacro()
可以通过定义以下变量来实现对变量的弃用:
function(deprecate_variable _variable _access)
if(_access STREQUAL "READ_ACCESS")
message(DEPRECATION "variable ${_variable} is deprecated")
endif()
endfunction()
然后,这个函数被添加到将要“废弃”的变量上:
variable_watch(somevariable deprecate_variable)
如果在本例中${included_modules}
是读取 (READ_ACCESS
),那么deprecate_variable
函数将发出带有DEPRECATION
的消息。