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推送通知是让用户及时被通知、和你的应用保持联系的一种非常棒的方式，你可以快速而有效地通知到所有的用户，下面这个教程将会教你如何使用Bmob来推送消息。
安装消息推送服务
每一个Bmob的App被安装在用户的设备上后，如果要使用消息推送功能，Bmob SDK会自动生成一个Installation对象。Installation对象包含了推送所需要的所有信息。举例：一个棒球的App，你可以让用户订阅感兴趣的棒球队，然后及时将这个球队的消息推送给用户 。
你可以使用 REST API，通过请求URL /1/installations 对Installation对象进行一系列操作，就像你存储和获取其他的普通对象，如GameScore对象一样。
注意Installation对象一般只在Client SDK中进行修改，但REST API对于大量导入或导出订阅数据的Installation对象是极其有用的。
Installation对象有几个系统默认的特殊字段来帮助你进行定位到设备等管理：
- badge : iOS应用中右上角的图标标识，这不会在服务端进行自增，需要开发者自己实现自增统计
- channels : 当前这个设备订阅的渠道名称数组
- timeZone : 设备所在位置的时区， 如Asia/Shanghai，这个会在每个Installation对象更新时同步（只读）
- deviceType : 设备的类型, 值为：”ios” 或 “android” (只读)
- installationId : Bmob使用的设备唯一号，Android设备是必须的，iOS可选 (只读)
- deviceToken : iOS设备由Apple APNS生成的唯一性token标识 (只读)
- notificationUri : Windows Phone设备由Windows Push Center生成的唯一性token标识
保存 installation
根据设备的不同往设备表中添加不同的值，body格式如下
{"deviceType": deviceType ("iOS","android", "windows phone")"deviceToken": iOS需填"installationId":android需填"notificationUri":wp需填}
下面将针对具体平台分别举例。
保存iOS设备的deviceToken
iOS设备通常使用deviceToken来对一台设备进行惟一标识。
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"deviceType": "ios","deviceToken": "abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789"}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/installations
保存Android设备的 installationId
对于Android设备，BmobSDK会自动生成uuid作为installationId保存到 Bmob。 你可以使用以下REST API保存Android设备的installation ID。
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"deviceType": "android","installationId": "12345678-4312-1234-1234-1234567890ab"}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/installations
保存Windows Phone设备的 notificationUri
对于Windows Phone设备，BmobSDK会自动从Windows Push Center获取到notificationUri并保存到 Bmob。 你可以使用以下REST API保存Windows Phone设备的notificationUri。
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"deviceType": "windows phone","notificationUri": "https://hk1.notify.live.net/unthrottledthirdparty/01.00/AQHgHh6EuwNtTa1TbwvaAjnmAgAAAAADEAAAAAQUZm52OkZDM0U5RDkxQzIzREJBNDYFBkFTRUEwMQ"}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/installations
订阅频道和退订
频道列的本质是一个数组，因此其操作与数组一致，具体可查看以下举例。
订阅频道
覆盖已订阅的频道：
curl -X PUT \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"channels": ["Giants","Mets"]}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/installations/mrmBZvsErB
订阅一个新频道，不覆盖已订阅的频道：
curl -X PUT \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"channels":{"__op":"AddUnique","objects":["Giants"]}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/installations/mrmBZvsErB
退订频道
curl -X PUT \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"channels":{"__op":"Remove","objects":["Giants"，"Mets"]}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/installations/mrmBZvsErB
推送消息
请求描述
使用推送接口可将消息推送至对应设备。
请求
method ：POST
header:
X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application IDX-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API KeyContent-Type: application/json
- body: 根据不同的需求进行定制，具体看以下介绍。
广播推送消息
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"data": {"alert": "Hello From Bmob."}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
组播推送消息
发送给订阅了Giants频道的用户
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"where":{"channels":["Giants"]},"data": {"alert": "Hello From Bmob."}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
或者更简便的方式
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"channels":["Giants"],"data": {"alert": "Hello From Bmob."}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
多播推送消息
推送给不活跃的用户
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"where":{"updatedAt":{"$lt":{"__type":"Date","iso":"2012-01-29 11:33:53"}}},"data": {"alert": "Hello From Bmob."}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
根据查询条件做推送
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"where": {"scores": true},"data": {"alert": "Willie Hayes injured by own pop fly."}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
请注意，where 条件查询的都是 installations 表。这里是假设 installations 表存储了 scores 的布尔属性，你可以像查询普通对象一样构造where查询
根据平台做推送
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"where": {"deviceType": "android"},"data": {"alert": "Your suitcase has been filled with tiny robots!"}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"where": {"deviceType": "ios"},"data": {"alert": "Your suitcase has been filled with tiny apples!"}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
Windows Phone平台的推送分三种格式：
a.推送Raw通知(默认)：
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"where": {"deviceType": "windows phone"},"data": {"alert": "Your suitcase has been filled with tiny windows phone!","wpAlert": "TextBoxValue2"}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
b.推送Toast通知：
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"where": {"deviceType": "windows phone"},"data": {"alert": "Your suitcase has been filled with tiny apples!","wpAlert": "TextBoxSubTitle","wp": 2}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
c.推送磁贴通知：
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"where": {"deviceType": "windows phone"},"data": {"alert": "Your suitcase has been filled with tiny apples!","backgroundImage": "backgroundImage","count":"1","backBackgroundImage": "backBackgroundImage","backTitle":"backTitle","backContent":"backContent","wp": 1}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
根据地理信息位置做推送
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"where": {"user": {"$inQuery": {"location": {"$nearSphere": {"__type": "GeoPoint","latitude": 30.0,"longitude": -20.0},"$maxDistanceInMiles": 1.0}}}},"data": {"alert": "Free hotdogs at the bmob concession stand!"}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
上面的例子假设 installation 有个 user 属性指向_User 表的记录，并且用户有个 location 属性是 GeoPoint 类型，我们就可以根据地理信息位置做推送。
点播推送消息
发送给Android单个客户端
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"where":{"installationId":"57234d4c-752f-4e78-81ad-a6d14048020d"},"data": {"alert": "Hello From Bmob."}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
发送给iOS单个客户端
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"where":{"deviceToken":"abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789"},"data": {"aps":{"alert":"cashi","badge":1,"sound":"default"}}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
发送给Windows Phone单个客户端Toast通知
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"where":{"notificationUri":"https://hk1.notify.live.net/unthrottledthirdparty/01.00/AQHgHh6EuwNtTa1TbwvaAjnmAgAAAAADEAAAAAQUZm52OkZDM0U5RDkxQzIzREJBNDYFBkFTRUEwMQ"},"data": {"alert": "Hello From bmob","wpAlert": "bmob","wp": 2}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
发送选项设置
推送通知不仅仅可以用来发送消息，iOS中，推送内容还可以包含要播放的声音和要显示的badge数字值,还可以定制任何你想发送的内容，对于Android，你甚至可以指定Intent应用于接收消息，对于时效有要求的消息你还可以设置一个消息过期时间。
定制你的通知
如果你想发送更多的消息，你可以在data的字典对象中设置其他字段，下面这些保留的字段有其特殊的意义：
- alert : 通知的消息内容
- badge : (仅iOS)一个数字值将会高亮显示在应用图标的右上角。
- sound : (仅iOS)应用绑定包中的声音
- content-available : (仅iOS)如果你的应用是新闻类的，或者你的应用正在使用iOS7的Remote Notification Background Mode，设定这个值为1将会触发离线下载功能。
- action : (仅Android)接收到推送消息时应用Intent，如果没有指定title或alert，Intent将被应用，但是没有通知呈现给用户。
- title : (仅Android)这个值将显示在系统通知栏
- wp : (仅Windows Phone)通知类型 0-Raw(默认) 1-Toast 2-磁贴
- wpAlert : (仅Windows Phone)这个值将在Raw 和 Toast两种通知中有用，相对alert，作为子标题
- backgroundImage : (仅Windows Phone)通知类型wp=2，磁贴类通知中有用
- count : (仅Windows Phone)通知类型wp=2，磁贴类通知中有用
- backBackgroundImage : (仅Windows Phone)通知类型wp=2，磁贴类通知中有用
- backTitle : (仅Windows Phone)通知类型wp=2，磁贴类通知中有用
- backContent : (仅Windows Phone)通知类型wp=2，磁贴类通知中有用
例如，推送一条通知，将当前的badge值设置为一个数字值,并且播放iOS设备上定制的音乐，对于Android用户，将在系统通知栏中显示特殊的标题，其请求如下：
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"channels": ["Mets"],"data": {"alert": "The Mets scored! The game is now tied 1-1.","badge": 10,"sound": "cheering.caf","title": "Mets Score!"}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
当然，你也可以在data字典对象中定制自己的字段来推送消息，但推送到消息不显示在 Andoid 系统的通知栏中，而是执行应用程序预定义的逻辑，Android或iOS的接收消息文档中对此有说明，iOS只有当用户从通知中打开应用，才能访问data的数据，Android将提供这个数据在action Intent应用之后将提供这个数据,
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"channels": ["Indians"],"data": {"action": "com.example.UPDATE_STATUS","alert": "Ricky Vaughn was injured in last night's game!","name": "Vaughn","newsItem": "Man bites dog"}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
设置消息过期时间
过期时间，可以是绝对时间：
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"expiration_time": "2013-12-04 00:51:13","data": {"alert": "Season tickets on sale until December 4, 2013"}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
也可以是相对时间（根据push_time做定期推送，从push_time时间开始算起，直到expiration_interval时间后过期），下面的请求表示消息将在2012-01-28 00:51:13这个时间点开始推送，直到7天后过期:
curl -X POST \-H "X-Bmob-Application-Id: Your Application ID" \-H "X-Bmob-REST-API-Key: Your REST API Key" \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-d '{"push_time": "2012-01-28 00:51:13","expiration_interval": 518400,"data": {"alert": "Season tickets on sale until December 4, 2013"}}' \https://api.bmob.cn/1/push
