7.6 Conclusion 结论

Each piece of design infrastructure added to a system, such as an interface, argument, function, class, or definition, adds complexity, since developers must learn about this element. In order for an element to provide a net gain against complexity, it must eliminate some complexity that would be present in the absence of the design element. Otherwise, you are better off implementing the system without that particular element. For example, a class can reduce complexity by encapsulating functionality so that users of the class needn’t be aware of it.

接口，参数，函数，类或定义之类的添加到系统中的每个设计基础架构都会增加复杂性，因为开发人员必须了解该元素。为了使元素能够提供相对于复杂性的净收益，它必须消除在没有设计元素的情况下会出现的一些复杂性。否则，最好不要使用该特定元素来实施系统。例如，一个类可以通过封装功能来降低复杂性，以使该类的用户无需意识到这一点。

The “different layer, different abstraction” rule is just an application of this idea: if different layers have the same abstraction, such as pass-through methods or decorators, then there’s a good chance that they haven’t provided enough benefit to compensate for the additional infrastructure they represent. Similarly, pass-through arguments require each of several methods to be aware of their existence (which adds to complexity) without contributing additional functionality.

“不同的层，不同的抽象”规则只是此思想的一种应用：如果不同的层具有相同的抽象，例如直通方法或装饰器，则很有可能它们没有提供足够的利益来补偿它们代表的其他基础结构。类似地，传递参数要求几种方法中的每一种都知道它们的存在（这增加了复杂性），而又不提供其他功能。