6.5 Questions to ask yourself 问自己的问题

It is easier to recognize a clean general-purpose class design than it is to create one. Here are some questions you can ask yourself, which will help you to find the right balance between general-purpose and special-purpose for an interface.

识别干净的通用类设计要比创建一个简单。您可以问自己一些问题，这将帮助您在接口的通用和专用之间找到适当的平衡。

What is the simplest interface that will cover all my current needs? If you reduce the number of methods in an API without reducing its overall capabilities, then you are probably creating more general-purpose methods. The special-purpose text API had at least three methods for deleting text: backspace, delete, and deleteSelection. The more general-purpose API had only one method for deleting text, which served all three purposes. Reducing the number of methods makes sense only as long as the API for each individual method stays simple; if you have to introduce lots of additional arguments in order to reduce the number of methods, then you may not really be simplifying things.

满足我当前所有需求的最简单的界面是什么？如果减少 API 中的方法数量而不降低其整体功能，则可能正在创建更多通用的方法。专用文本 API 至少具有三种删除文本的方法：退格，删除和 deleteSelection。通用性更强的 API 只有一种删除文本的方法，可同时满足所有三个目的。仅在每种方法的 API 保持简单的前提下，减少方法的数量才有意义。如果您必须引入许多其他参数以减少方法数量，那么您可能并没有真正简化事情。

In how many situations will this method be used? If a method is designed for one particular use, such as the backspace method, that is a red flag that it may be too special-purpose. See if you can replace several special-purpose methods with a single general-purpose method.

在多少情况下会使用此方法？如果一种方法是为特定用途而设计的，例如退格方法，那是一个危险信号，它可能太特殊了。看看是否可以用一个通用方法替换几种专用方法。

Is this API easy to use for my current needs? This question can help you to determine when you have gone too far in making an API simple and general-purpose. If you have to write a lot of additional code to use a class for your current purpose, that’s a red flag that the interface doesn’t provide the right functionality. For example, one approach for the text class would be to design it around single-character operations: insert inserts a single character and delete deletes a single character. This API is both simple and general-purpose. However, it would not be particularly easy to use for a text editor: higher-level code would contain lots of loops to insert or delete ranges of characters. The single-character approach would also be inefficient for large operations. Thus it’s better for the text class to have built-in support for operations on ranges of characters.

这个 API 是否易于使用以满足我当前的需求？这个问题可以帮助您确定何时使 API 变得简单而通用。如果您必须编写许多其他代码才能将类用于当前用途，那么这是一个危险信号，即该接口未提供正确的功能。例如，针对文本类的一种方法是围绕单字符操作进行设计：insert 插入单个字符，而 delete 删除单个字符。该 API 既简单又通用。但是，对于文本编辑器来说并不是特别容易使用：更高级别的代码将包含许多循环，用于插入或删除字符范围。单字符方法对于大型操作也将是低效的。