第 2 章 复杂性的本质

Chapter 2 The Nature of Complexity

This book is about how to design software systems to minimize their complexity. The first step is to understand the enemy. Exactly what is “complexity”? How can you tell if a system is unnecessarily complex? What causes systems to become complex? This chapter will address those questions at a high level; subsequent chapters will show you how to recognize complexity at a lower level, in terms of specific structural features.

这本书是关于如何设计软件系统以最小化其复杂性。第一步是了解敌人。究竟什么是“复杂性”？您如何判断系统是否过于复杂？是什么导致系统变得复杂？本章将在较高层次上解决这些问题。后续章节将向您展示如何从较低的层次上根据特定的结构特征来识别复杂性。

The ability to recognize complexity is a crucial design skill. It allows you to identify problems before you invest a lot of effort in them, and it allows you to make good choices among alternatives. It is easier to tell whether a design is simple than it is to create a simple design, but once you can recognize that a system is too complicated, you can use that ability to guide your design philosophy towards simplicity. If a design appears complicated, try a different approach and see if that is simpler. Over time, you will notice that certain techniques tend to result in simpler designs, while others correlate with complexity. This will allow you to produce simpler designs more quickly.

识别复杂性的能力是至关重要的设计技能。它使您可以先找出问题，然后再付出大量努力，并可以在其他选择中做出正确的选择。判断一个设计是否简单比创建一个简单的设计要容易得多，但是一旦您认识到一个系统过于复杂，就可以使用该功能指导您的设计哲学走向简单。如果设计看起来很复杂，请尝试其他方法，看看是否更简单。随着时间的流逝，您会注意到某些技术往往会导致设计更简单，而其他技术则与复杂性相关。这将使您更快地制作更简单的设计。

This chapter also lays out some basic assumptions that provide a foundation for the rest of the book. Later chapters take the material of this chapter as given and use it to justify a variety of refinements and conclusions.

本章还列出了一些基本假设，这些基本假设为本书的其余部分奠定了基础。后面的章节将采用本章的内容，并用其论证各种改进和结论。